我国西部家庭教育状况的质性研究和政策建议-以甘肃省定西市为例

Qualitative Research and Policy Suggestions on the Situations of Family Education in the West of China——Taking Dingxi City of Gansu Province as an Example

改革开放以来,在我国具有古老传统的家庭教育得以恢复和发展,但是各地发展状况和存在问题不一。本文运用质性研究方法,主要是团体焦点访谈与处于西部欠发达地区的甘肃省定西市中学生家长、教师和教育行政领导对话,进而思考概括出定西中学生家庭教育的基本状况:家庭教育内容有学习指导等诸多方面,但还远未达到科学安排的程度;家庭教育方法丰富多彩、简朴实用,但是总体上属于粗放层次、效果不一;学生家庭人际关系总体良好,但仍有陈腐观念影响和亲子冲突的发生;家庭教育目标多是孩子成才,但家长们对成才标准的理解不同;学生家长与学校都有合作的积极性,但是合作程度较低;家庭教育工作一直在中小学开展,但长期在较低水平上维持现状。据此,提出了四项政策性建议:国家有关部门应积极探索在西部普及家庭教育科学的"输血和扶贫"政策;西部地区要努力实现区域经济发展和社会发展的平衡;西部地区要逐步建立本地专家和外地专家相结合的家教队伍;西部家庭教育工作要重视科研引领在各项措施中的作用。

Since the reform and opening-up, the family education in our country has been restored and developed. There are many variations of development and associated problems in different regions. Using qualitative methods, mainly focus group interviews on the middle school students, parents and teachers and education officials in the western underdeveloped area of Dingxi City, Gansu province, we summarize the basic situations of family education for the Dingxi middle school students： while there are some family education learning guide and alike, they could not reach the degree of scientific arrangement. While a rich set of family education methods appear to be simple and practical, the rough nature leads to inconsistency in students＇ performances. While the student-family relationship is generally good, there are still stereotypes of education and parent-child conflicts occur occasionally. While the goal of family education is to make children grow healthily, parents＇ understanding of healthy growth standard varies. Although there is an enthusiasm of the cooperation between the students, parents and the school, the degree of cooperation is low. Family education work has been carried out in the primary and secondary schools, however, the quality of this work has been low for a long period. Accordingly, the study puts forward four policy recommendations： first, the relevant state departments should actively explore a ＂blood transfusion and poverty alleviation＂ policy which promotes the popularization of scientific family education in the west part of China. Second, the western region should strive to strike a balance between the regional economic and social development. Third, family education teams of local and experts should be established.