论斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基演剧体系的形成

On the Formation of Stanislav's Drama System

斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基演剧体系为代表的心理现实主义演剧理论,是20世纪初在欧洲逐渐成熟的现实主义戏剧文学的基础上发展起来的演剧理论,是对西方历史长河中所有现实主义因素的总结,它最终成为具有哲学和美学基础、具有方法论内涵和指导创作实践作用的理论体系。在斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基看来,体系并不是目的本身,而只是一些手段,借以达到指导他全部创作活动的理想。本文从体系形成的时代背景、俄国的传统演剧创作、斯氏本人的发展探索之路,以及契诃夫对于体系的影响等方面,论述斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基演剧体系的形成所孕育的时代背景与创作前提。

The drama theory of psychological realism, as represented by Stanislav＇s drama system, developed at the beginning of last century based on realism drama literature having gradually maturing in Europe. It has concluded all realistic factors in western history, and eventually become the philosophical and aesthetic basis, as well as a theoretical system beating methodological connotations and creative practical guide. From Stanislav＇ point of view, system is not an end in itself, but only some means, so as to achieve his goal of guiding all creative activities. This article discusses, from the historical background of the system, the traditional Russian play creation, Stanislav＇ own development road, and his influence to system, the historical background and creation precondition for Stanislav＇s drama system.