大数据时代个人信息保护的立法选择

The Legislative Choice of Personal Information Protection in the Age of Big Data

面对大数据洪流,个人信息的保护定位一直存在分歧,将数据信息作为一种积极趋利的权利还是一种消极保守的权利,在经济学、社会学和法学领域中有不同的反应。目前主要分为两大观点:一种认为大数据时代个人信息的利用应该受到严格控制,除传统隐私保护外,互联网环境下人们更需要一种"不被打扰的权利";另一种观点是大数据的开发和利用是互联网经济的必然趋势,各国视大数据为新的"黄金"资源,特别是人工智能的广泛应用,个人数据采集已成为常态,限制数据的利用会错失发展机会。应当从个人信息的法律属性出发,分析大数据时代利用数据信息的必然性及规范性,区分个人信息的人格权保护重点和个人信息数据库的财产权保护重点,以此来探讨大数据时代平衡产业发展与个人信息保护的适度立法。

There are diverse reactions from different social groups in the stream of big data.Should the protection of personal information be a right to be actively used or a right to be strictly restricted？There are two kinds of views among the jurists.One view is that the use of personal information should be strictly controlled in the age of big data.Besides the traditional privacy protection under the internet environment,people need a＂not-to-be-disturbed right＂.The other view is that the development and utilization of big data are the inevitable trend of the Internet economy.Various countries are competing for the resources of big data,especially for the widespread utilization of artificial intelligence.As the collection of personal data has become normal,too much restriction of the data utilization may cause a country to miss the opportunity of development.This article is intended to analyze the legal attributes of personal information,and the necessity and normalization of the data information utilization in the age of big data,and also to explore the appropriate legislation on personal information protection.