丝兰提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清抗氧化和免疫指标、粪便中氮磷排放量及微生物数量的影响

Effects of Yucca schidigera Extract on Growth Performance,Serum Antioxidant and Immune Indexes,Fecal Nitrogen and Phosphorus Emission and Microorganism Number of Weaner Piglets

本试验旨在研究添加丝兰提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清抗氧化和免疫指标、粪便中氮磷排放量及微生物数量的影响,以确定仔猪饲粮中丝兰提取物的适宜添加水平。试验选择120头28日龄、体重(8.00±0.46)kg的健康"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪,随机分为5个组,每个组4个重复,每个重复6头。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ~Ⅴ组分别在基础饲粮中添加90、120、150、180 mg/kg丝兰提取物。试验期28 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,Ⅲ组的平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)极显著提高(P<0.01),料重比(F/G)显著降低(P<0.05);Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组的腹泻率显著或极显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。2)与对照组相比,Ⅲ组血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著提高(P<0.05)。各组间血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,Ⅲ组血清一氧化氮(NO)含量显著提高(P<0.05),一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)活性极显著提高(P<0.01);Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著提高(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,Ⅲ组胸腺指数显著提高(P<0.05)。各组间脾脏指数无显著差异(P>0.05)。5)与对照组相比,Ⅳ组粪便中总氮含量显著降低(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组粪便中氨态氮含量显著降低(P<0.05)。各组间粪便中总磷含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。6)与对照组相比,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组粪便中大肠杆菌数量显著减少(P<0.05)。各组间粪便中总需氧菌和乳酸杆菌数量无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可见,在本试验条件下,建议丝兰提取物在仔猪饲粮中的适宜添加水平为120 mg/kg。

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of Yucca schidigera extract on growth per-formance, serum antioxidant and immune indexes, fecal nitrogen and phosphorus emission and microorganism number of weaner piglets, and to found the optimal supplemental level of Yucca schidigera extract for piglets. A total of 120 twenty-eight-day-old weaner piglets （Duroc＆#215;Landrace＆#215;Large） with the body weight of （8.00± 0.46） kg were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates per group and 6 piglets per replicate. The con-trol group （ groupⅠ） was fed a basal diet, and the groupsⅡ toⅤ were fed the basal diet supplemented with 90, 120, 150 and 180 mg/kg Yucca schidigera extract, respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The results showed as follows： 1） compared with the control group, the average daily gain （ ADG） and average daily feed intake （ ADFI） of groupⅢwere significantly increased （ P〈0.01） , the feed to gain ratio （ F/G） of group Ⅲwas significantly decreased （ P〈0.05） , and the diarrhea rate of groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤwas significant-ly decreased （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. 2） Compared with the control group, the catalase （CAT）, superoxide dismutase （ SOD） activities and total antioxidant capacity （ T-AOC） in serum of group Ⅲ were significantly increased （P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference on glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） activity and malondialdehyde （ MDA） content in serum among all groups （ P〉0.05） . 3） Compared with the control group, the serum nitric oxide （ NO） content of group Ⅲ was significantly increased （ P〈0.05） , and the serum nitric oxide synthase （ NOS） and inducible nitric oxide synthase in plasma （ iNOS） activities of groupⅢwere signif-icantly increased （ P〈0.01） , the serum immunoglobulin G content of groups Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ was significantly increased （ P〈0.05） . 4） Compared with the control group, the thymus index of groupⅢ was significantly in-creased （ P〈0.05） . There was no significant difference on spleen index among all groups （ P〉0.05） . 5） Com-pared with the control group, the fecal total nitrogen content of group Ⅳ was significantly decreased （ P〈0.05）, the fecal ammonia nitrogen content of groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly decreased （P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference on fecal total phosphorus content among all groups （P〉0.05）. 6） Com-pared with the control group, the fecal Escherichia coli number of groupsⅢandⅣwas significantly decreased （ P〈0.05） . There were no significant difference on fecal total aerobic bacteria and Lactobacillus number among all groups （ P〉0.05） . In conclusion, under this experiment condition, the dietary optimal supplemental level of Yucca schidigera extract for piglets is 120 mg/kg.