西方贫困线理论渊源和构造方法的演进脉络

The Theoretical Origin and Construction Method of Western Poverty Line

贫困线理论和度量方法是西方学者研究贫困集大成的领域,但呈现什么样的逻辑生态一直是贫困研究拷问的基本问题之一。本文通过梳理西方贫困线理论和方法的逻辑演进历程和成果及内在关系,发现贫困线理论并非直接产生,有其基础的理论渊源和专门的理论根基,从而概括出贫困识别的六大理论的发展轨迹,是按照绝对论→相对论→主观论→剥夺论→能力论→多维论的逻辑推进的,进而勾画出贫困线构造的五种方法的逻辑走向:绝对贫困线→相对贫困线→主观贫困线→社会剥夺贫困线→共识型贫困线,最后提出了尚待进一步研究的领域。

Research on poverty line theory and poverty measurement method has been the field of achievement in poverty study by western scholars. However, the evolution of the research has always been one of the basic issues that poverty researchers concern about. This article sorts out the logic evolution process, achievement and interrelationship between western poverty line theory and method; deduces that the poverty line theory has its own basic theory origin and special theory foundation. Therefore the article generalizes a basic path of theory development of poverty recognition, from absolute theory, through relative theory, subject theory, deprivation theory, capability theory, to multi-dimention theory, then figures out the logic tendency of poverty lines, which is absolute poverty line, relative poverty line, subject poverty line, society deprivation poverty line and consensual poverty line; and finally proposes the fields that need to be further investigated.