地方财政支出对城乡收入差距的影响效应研究

The Impact of Local Government Fiscal Expenditure on the Urban-rural Income Gap

城乡收入差距是中国城乡发展不协调的重要表现,而地方政府增加公共投入是否能够有效缩小城乡收入差距水平,并促进城乡协调发展在学界尚未达成共识。本文基于2006-2015年省级面板数据,运用面板模型与门槛效应模型探究地方政府财政支出与城乡收入差距之间的内在联系,得到:面板结果显示提高保障性财政支出比重和地方政府财政支出规模会缩小城乡收入差距,提高投资性财政支出比重会拉大城乡收入差距;门槛效应模型结果显示保障性财政支出、投资性财政支出和政府财政支出规模三个门槛变量对城乡收入差距存在门槛效应。基于此,本文认为不能盲目依靠增加地方政府的财政支出规模和保障性财政支出比重或减少投资性财政支出比重来缩小城乡收入差距。而应该在总体上控制地方财政支出的总量,优化地方财政支出结构,并进一步发挥市场在调节初次分配方面的作用。

The urban-rural income gap is an important manifestation of the uncoordinated development of urban and rural China. Whether local governments can effectively narrow the urban-rural income gap by increasing public investment or promote the urban-rural coordinated development has not yet reached a consensus in the academic community. Based on the provincial panel data during 2006-2015, this article used generalized least square method and panel threshold model to explore internal links between China＇s local government finance and income distribution structure and scale. The generalized least squares regression results show that increasing the level of security expenditure and local government expenditure will reduce the rural-urban income gap, and increasing the level of investment expenditure will widen the income gap between urban and rural areas. Threshold effect regression results show that security expenditure, investment expenditure and fiscal expenditure scale have a threshold effect. Therefore, we cannot blindly rely on increasing local government fiscal expenditure and security expenditure, or reducing the investment expenditure proportion to narrow rural-urban income gap. We should control the scale of local fiscal expenditure and optimize the structure of local fiscal expenditure to further play the role of the market in regulating the initial distribution.