不同施肥方式对竹笋品质的影响

Effect of Different Fertilization Methods on Quality of Bamboo Shoots

研究共设置4种不同施肥处理,探讨其对竹笋中的氨基酸、草酸、单宁、蛋白质、脂肪、粗纤维和粗多糖的影响。施肥处理为有机肥(O:蚕粪+菌棒残渣6 600 kg·hm^(-2),氮、磷、钾含量分别为2.4%、2.3%和2.9%);复合肥(F:毛竹专用肥1125 kg·hm^(-2),氮∶磷∶钾比例25∶13∶8);有机肥+复合肥(O+F:有机肥2 400 kg·hm^(-2)+复合肥750 kg·hm^(-2));不施肥对照(CK)。结果表明:各施肥处理的土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均高于对照处理,变化趋势为O+F>F>O>CK;有机质的变化趋势为O>F>O+F>C;,pH则是O>O+F>CK>F。笋中蛋白质以O+F处理为最高,比F、O和CK各处理增加9.37%、17.45%和5.42%。笋中氨基酸和单宁以O+F处理最高,分别为36.1 g·kg-1和17.8 g·kg-1,其次是F处理,均与CK处理达到了显著差异。笋中草酸则以F处理最高,其次是O+F处理,分别为22.45 mg·g-1和21.24 mg·g^(-1)与CK存在极显著差异,分别增加了33.87%、41.49%;粗纤维各处理之间差异不显著。笋中粗多糖以O处理为最高6.7 g·kg-1,且与F处理间存在显著差异;脂肪与其他各类指标变化趋势不同,以空白CK最高,但各处理之间没有显著差异。总之,施肥有利于增加笋中氨基酸、草酸、粗纤维和单宁含量;而有机肥处理有利于粗多糖的的累积;有机肥配合复合肥在一定程度增加了笋中蛋白质含量;脂肪受不同施肥处理的影响不明显。

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different fertilization methods on contents of amino acid,oxalic acid,tannin,protein,fat,crude fiber and crude polysaccharide of bamboo shoots in the bamboo forest of modern demonstration garden Suichang County,Zhejiang Province. The four treatments were organic fertilizer ＋ compound fertilizer（O ＋ F）,organic fertilizer（F）,compound fertilizer（O） and no fertilizer control（CK）,respectively. Every treatment was repeated for 3 times. The applied dosage of compound fertilizer（nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium ratio were 25 ∶ 13 ∶ 8）,organic manure（silkworm manure ＋ bacteria residue）,organic fertilizer ＋ compound fertilizer,organic fertilizer were1 125 kg· hm-2,6 600 kg·hm-2,750 kg·hm-2,2 400 kg·hm-2,respectively. Theresults showed that soil alkaline hydrolysis,available phosphorus,available potassium content were all higher in fertilization treatments than the control,The order was O ＋ F 〉 O 〉 F 〉 CK.While,that was O 〉 F ＋ O 〉 F 〉 CK for organic matter content,and was O 〉 O ＋ F 〉 CK 〉 F for pH. The protein content of bamboo shoots under O ＋ F treatment was increased by 9. 37%,17. 45% and 5. 42% relative to F,O and CK treatments. Under O ＋ F treatment,amino acids and tannins contents were the highest,being 36. 1 g·kg-1and 17. 8 g·kg-1,respectively.and the second highest amino acid and tannin content of bamboo shoots was found in F treatment. they The amino acids and tannins contents under these two treatments were significantly higher than that under CK. The oxalic acid and crude fiber contents under F treatment were the highest,being 22. 45 mg · g-1and 10. 7 g · kg-1respectively,and increased by 33. 87%,41. 49% than that under CK treatment. The oxalic acid and crude fiber contents under O ＋ F treatment were the second highest,being 21. 24 mg ·g-1and 9. 9 g ·kg-1,and increased by 4. 21% and 33. 87% than that under CK treatment,respectively. The oxalate contents under O ＋ F and F treatments were significantly different from that under the CK treatment, while the crude fiber contents were not significantly different between treatments. The coarse polysaccharide content under O treatment was the highest,amounting to6. 7 g·kg-1,and was significantly different from that under the F treatment. The fat content was the highest under CK treatment,and lowest under F treatment,but no significant difference existed between treatments. In brief,applying fertilizer was conducive to the accumulation of soil alkaline hydrolysis,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter,and applying organic fertilizer helped to alleviate soil acidification. Fertilization treatments were advantageous to accumulate amino acid,oxalic acid,crude fiber and the tannin in bamboo shoots. The organic and compound fertilizer treatment was beneficial for the accumulation of protein in bamboo shoots. The organic fertilizer treatment was beneficial for coarse polysaccharide accumulation. Significant difference was not found among all treatment for fat of bamboo shoots.