松花江哈尔滨段水环境监测布点选择及数据分析

Monitoring Points Choosing and Statistics Analysis of Water Quality of Songhua River in Harbin Region

松花江是黑龙江省境内最重要的河流,在黑龙江的经济建设中发挥着重要的作用,本文介绍了水环境监测中河流断面的布点方法,以松花江哈尔滨段为例为研究对象设置了大顶子山、呼兰河口、阿什河口和朱顺屯四个监测断面,对水样进行采集、保存和预处理。采用模糊综合评判法对松花江哈尔滨段2011~2012年大顶子山、朱顺屯和阿什河口下三个断面水质的监测数据进行分析,结果显示,松花江哈尔滨段水质呈明显的时变形,枯水期水质较差,大部分时间处于Ⅴ类水质,主要由于枯水期河流流量较小,自身净化能力较弱,无法完成污染物的混合降解,同时受农业灌溉废水及化肥污水影响氮磷含量均超出标准;在丰水期水质整体明显好转,有少数月份能达到三类水质标准。有关部门应加强对松花江周边河流的排放口监控,限制工业农业以及城市生活污水排入浓度,淘汰落后设备,不断提高松花江水质水平。

Songhua River is the most important river in Heilongjiang Province and plays an important role in the economic construction of Heilongjiang. This paper introduces the method of distribution of river section in water environment monitoring,taking the Songhua River in Harbin as the object of study,four monitoring sections——Dadingzishan,Hulanhekou,Ashihekou and Zhushuntun are settled,so that the water samples can be collected,preserved and pretreated. Based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,the water quality monitoring data of the three sections of Dadingzishan,Zhushuntun and Ashihekou in Harbin Section of Songhua River from 2011 to 2012 are analyzed. The results show that the water quality of Songhua River in Harbin obviously changes from season to season. In the dry season,water quality is poor,most of the time is in the water quality of Ⅴ,mainly due to the small flow of the river in the dry season and the weak ability of its purification,so that the mixed degradation of pollutants cannot be completed. At the same time,nitrogen and phosphorus content are beyond the standard because of the agricultural irrigation wastewater and fertilizer wastewater; in the wet season,the overall water quality improved significantly,it can achieve the third standard of water quality in a few months. Relevant departments should strengthen the monitoring of the discharge of the rivers around the Songhua River,limit the concentration of industrial,agricultural and urban sewage,eliminate backward equipment,and continuously improve the water quality of Songhua River.