胎膜早破对新生儿感染风险的影响

Effect of premature rupture of membranes on risk of neonatal infection

目的探讨胎膜早破对新生儿感染风险的影响,以改善母婴预后。方法选取2015年5月-2016年5月在该院产科分娩的产妇80例,随机将其分为胎膜早破组和无胎膜早破组,每组40例。对两组新生儿并发症发生情况、胎膜早破组产妇破膜时间及分娩时间对新生儿感染风险的影响进行统计分析。结果胎膜早破组新生儿窒息2例,死亡1例,胎儿窘迫23例,死胎1例,新生儿并发症发生率为67.5%;无胎膜早破组新生儿窒息1例,胎儿窘迫4例,新生儿并发症发生率为12.5%,胎膜早破组新生儿并发症发生率显著高于无胎膜早破组(P<0.05);破膜时间、分娩时间>24 h新生儿感染率(66.7%、54.5%)均显著高于≤24 h产妇(28.6%、17.2%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);未感染率(33.3%、45.5%)均显著低于≤24 h产妇(71.4%、82.8%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胎膜早破会显著提升新生儿感染风险,同时,随着破膜时间及分娩时间的延长,新生儿感染风险增加。因此,临床应有效预防和及时诊断胎膜早破。

Objective To explore the effect of premature rupture of membranes on risk of neonatal infection,and improve prognosis of mothers and infants. Methods A total of 80 pregnant women giving birth to their babies in Department of Obstetrics of the hospital from May 2015 to May 2016 were selected,then they were randomly divided into premature rupture of membranes（ PROM） group and non-PROM group,40 cases in each group. The incidence rates of neonatal complications in the two groups,the effects of membrane rupture time and childbirth time on risk of neonatal infection were statistically analyzed. Results The incidence rate of neonatal complications in PROM group was 67. 5%,including 2 cases of neonatal asphyxia,1 case of neonatal death,23 cases of fetal distress,and 1 case of stillbirth; in non-PROM group,the incidence rate of neonatal complications was 12. 5%,including 1 case of neonatal asphyxia and 4 cases of fetal distress. The incidence rate of neonatal complications in PROM group was statistically significantly higher than that in non-PROM group（ P〈0. 05）. The neonatal infection rates of patients with membrane rupture time and delivery time24 hours were 66. 7% and 54. 5%,respectively,which were statistically significantly higher than those of patients with membrane rupture time and delivery time≤24 hours（ 28. 6%,17. 2%）,respectively（ P〈0. 05）; the uninfection rates of patients with membrane rupture time and delivery time 24 hours were 33. 3%and 45. 5%,respectively,which were statistically significantly lower than those of patients with membrane rupture time and delivery time≤24 hours（ 71. 4%,82. 8%）,respectively（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion Premature rupture of membranes can significantly increase the risk of neonatal infection,and the risk of neonatal infection increases with extension of membrane rupture time and delivery time,so in the clinical practice,PROM should be effectively prevented and timely diagnosed to minimize the risk of neonatal infection.