上海博物馆馆藏俏色“春水”、“秋山”玉饰的材质、皮色及年代研究

Study on the material,color and age of the jade ornaments carved with a scene of spring or autumn hunting collected in the Shanghai Museum

为研究传世俏色"春水"、"秋山"玉的皮色及年代问题,利用显微放大观察、激光拉曼光谱(LRS)、显微红外光谱(FTIR)及X射线荧光光谱(XRF)技术,对上海博物馆收藏的9件俏色"春水"、"秋山"玉饰进行了皮色分布、化学成分、矿物学特征分析。实验结果表明9件玉器样品的主要矿物组成均为透闪石,其中两件样品曾经人工染色处理,染色材料与蜂蜡有关。结合考古发现及文献记载,将传世俏色"春水"、"秋山"玉的年代限于金、元,综合考量器形、纹饰、做工、皮色之后,将2件作伪俏色样品的年代定为元代。研究思路及方法是科技分析结合古器物学研究鉴定传世玉器的一次尝试。

The materials,colors and ages of nine handed-down jade ornaments carved with a scene of spring or autumn hunting in collected in the Shanghai Museum were studied by optical microscopy,laser Raman spectroscopy（ LRS）,micro-infrared spectroscopy（ FTIR） and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy（ XRF） to analyze the distribution of colors,chemical compositions and mineralogical characteristics. The results show that the main mineral component of nine jade samples was tremolite; two of the samples had been artificially dyed,with the dyeing materials being related to beewax. Based on these results combined with archaeological findings and literature,it is suggested that these handed-down jade ornaments carved with a scene of spring or autumn hunting could be dated from Jin to Yuan Dynasty. Furthermore,considering the shapes,decorative patterns,technical characteristics and colors,it is concluded that two of the jade samples with faked colors belonged to Yuan Dynasty. This is an attempt to use both liberal arts and science for the identification and dating of handed-down jades.