浙江松阳出土南宋剔犀漆器的制作工艺及材质的研究

Research on materials and manufacturing process used for carved-lacquer from Southern Song Dynasty unearthed in a Songyang County site in Zhejiang Province

为了研究中国古代漆器的髹漆工艺并为漆器的保护修复提供相应的科学依据,本研究通过显微镜、显微红外光谱、扫描电镜、X射线荧光光谱、显微激光拉曼光谱等方法对浙江松阳出土南宋剔犀漆器残样的制作工艺和材质进行了研究分析。分析结果说明该漆器采用杉木作为漆胎,并在其上涂刷了以高岭土(AL2_O_3·2SiO_2·2H_2O)与动物毛发为主要成分的胎地填料(底灰)。然后分别在器物内外表面上髹饰上调制而成黑色和红色的天然生漆。将外表面红色漆膜雕刻成如意云纹,并在云纹边缘描绘黑漆线作为修饰,最后再在其上髹饰一层红色面漆。漆器红漆和黑漆层由同种天然生漆髹漆而成,但是两者采用的颜料分别为HgS和含Fe的黑色颜料。

The manufacturing process and materials used for carved-lacquer fragments were studied by using optical microscopy,FTIR microspectroscopy,SEM and micro laser Raman,X-ray fluorescence,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This research provided scientific data to enable understanding the process used for manufacturing ancient Chinese lacquerware and its protection and restoration. This study suggested that the bottom layer was wood of Cunninghamia Lanceolata. The base of the lacquer coating on the bottom layer was a mixture of kaolin（ Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O） and animal hair. The inside and outside lacquer layers were black and red,respectively. In addition,the outer lacquer layer was carved into Ruyi moire shape,on the edge of which a black lacquer line was inscribed. The lacquer was finished by brushing a layer of red lacquer on the topmost surface of Ruyi moire. The red and black lacquer layers were made from the same natural raw lacquer,but were mixed with Hg S and a black pigment containing Fe,respectively.