我国墓葬壁画的保护方法

Review on the conservation of tomb murals in China

壁画的发展与不同民族在各个历史时期的生活习俗、宗教、哲学、美学观念等紧密相连。同时,壁画的制作也与当时社会的政治、经济、文化、技术发展水平相适应,因此古代壁画极具历史、艺术、科学技术价值。墓葬壁画出现并最终形成一种丧葬文化现象是在汉代。汉代墓葬壁画自西汉前期形成以后,不断发展演变并形成了一套非常系统完整的体系,表达了深邃而复杂的信仰和丧葬观念,丰富和发展了中国古代绘画的造型技巧和艺术表现形式,因此墓葬壁画在早期绘画史和思想史上都占有非常重要的地位。本研究对发表在《考古学报》、《考古与文物》等十余种期刊自创刊至2015年的有关墓葬壁画方面的资料进行了系统整理,据此研究了我国墓葬壁画的分布区域及其特征,总结墓葬壁画的保护模式与方法,并就墓葬壁画保护的研究方向提出建议。

The development of murals reflects custom,religion,philosophy,esthetics of different nations in various historical periods. Furthermore,murals are also greatly associated with politics,economics,culture and technique of the period. Therefore,ancient murals have very high historical,artistic and technical values. Tomb murals first appeared and became part of the funeral culture during the Han Dynasty. Han tomb murals evolved and formed a complete system since the early Western Han Dynasty. The system expressed profound and complicated ideas about religion and funerals. The murals enriched and shaped the design,the technology and the expression of Chinese paintings. Therefore,tomb murals occupied an important place in painting history and intellectual history of early periods. This essay systematically summarizes numerous publications related to tomb murals from more than 10 periodicals since 2015. The distribution and characteristics of mural paintings,and the various ways of preserving mural paintings were studied. Suggestions on future work related to tomb mural conservation were put forward.