急性缺氧对大鼠部分生理病理变化的影响

Effect of acute hypoxia on the physiological and pathological changes in rats

目的观察不同缺氧时间点大鼠生理指标的变化,并结合各组织病理变化,探讨缺氧对大鼠的基本损伤作用。方法成年健康雄性Wistar大鼠40只,采用随机化原则分为正常对照组,缺氧1、3、5d组,每组10只。HE染色切片观察缺氧不同时间点大鼠肺、肝脏、肾脏组织病理学的改变情况,经大鼠腹主动脉采血,进行动脉血气分析、血常规分析、血清生化检测。结果 HE染色结果显示,缺氧各组大鼠肺、肝脏、肾脏均有明显损伤,且以缺氧3 d组大鼠肺损伤尤为严重;缺氧5 d组大鼠肝脏、肾脏损伤更加显著。与正常对照组比较,缺氧各组大鼠血液学指标均有改变,PaCO_2、PaO_2、SaO_2、AB、SB、cK^+、cCa^(2+)、ALP水平均显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);Lac、cNa^+、WBC、RBC、HGB、HCT、AST、T-BIL、UA、BUN、LDH明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);RI在缺氧1 d时明显增大(P<0.05),之后随缺氧时间的延长逐渐降低接近正常值;pH在缺氧1 d时明显升高(P<0.05),后有所降低,在缺氧5 d时,其降低存在统计学意义(P<0.05);TP、TCHO在缺氧1 d时有明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),后逐渐升高,在缺氧5 d时达到最大(P<0.01);ALT、ALB有升高趋势,但差异无统计学意义。结论模拟高原急性缺氧对大鼠各项血液学指标的改变均有显著的影响,对大鼠肺、肝脏、肾脏有一定的损伤作用,且损伤程度与缺氧暴露时间的长短有关。

Objective To observe the changes in physiological and pathological parameters at different hypoxia time, and discuss the basic injury induced by high altitude hypoxia. Methods A total of 40 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normoxic control group and hypoxia 1 d, 3 d, and 5 d groups, 10 rats in each group. HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes in the hypoxic lung, liver and kidney at different time points. The abdominal aorta blood in the rats was collected for arterial blood gas analysis, blood routine analysis and serum biochemical test. Results HE staining results showed that the lung, liver and kidney in the hypoxic groups were significantly damaged, and the lung injury was particularly serious in the 3 d group; the liver and kidney damage were more remarkable in the 5 d group. Compared with the normal control group, the hematology of hypoxic groups was changed, PaCO2, PaO2, SaO2, AB, SB, cK^＋, cCa^2＋, and ALP levels were significantly lowered （P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01）; Lac, cNa^＋, WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, AST, T-BIL, UA, BUN, and LDH were increased significantly （P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01）; RI was increased significantly during hypoxia 1 d （P 〈 0.05）, and was decreased close to normal with the prolong of hypoxia time; pH at hypoxia 1 d was significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） and decreased at hypoxia 5 d, with statistic significance （P 〈 0.05）. TP and TCHO were significantly lowered （P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01） at hypoxia 1 d, and gradually reached the maximum （P 〈 0.01） at hypoxia 5 d. No statistical difference was showen in the increase of ALT and ALB. Conclusion Acute altitude hypoxia has significant effect on the hematological changes in rats, and may cause lung, liver and kidney damage to some degree, which may closely related to the length of hypoxia.