四部怛特罗考源

A Research on the Origin of Caturtantra

四部怛特罗,或称四续,即事、行、瑜伽、无上瑜伽,是秘密佛教发展史上最为流行的经典或教法分类体系,对四部恒特罗经典或教法体系的来源或分类依据,前人多有论述,然颇多争议。本文将四部怛特罗教法体系置于印度广阔的印度宗教文化背景下,指出它与湿婆悉昙多派、毗湿奴五夜派的四分教法体系,《薄伽梵歌》中的三种瑜伽,以及《瑜伽经》中的事仪瑜伽等不同时期的教法修习体系,有着密不可分的继承与发展关系。

The Caturtantra(or named rgyud bzhi), including kriyā, caryā, yoga and anūttarayoga, is the most popular and classic dharma or classification system in the development history of Esoteric Buddhism. For its Origin and Classification Basis, predecessors have discussed a lot, also with a lot of controversy. This article put the Tantra dharma system in a broad India religious and cultural background, pointed out that it had a close relationship of inheritance and development with the dharma and practice systems in different periods, such as Catu?pāda of ?aiva-siddhānta and Pā?carātra, three Yoga in Bhagavad-gītā and Kriyāyoga in Yogasūtra.