世界可再生能源电力制氢现状

Present Status of Power-to-hydrogen Technology Worldwide Using Renewable Energy

氢能可实现从开发到利用全过程的零排放、零污染,是最具发展潜力的高效替代新能源。世界各国都将发展氢能提升到国家战略层面。我国也要大力发展氢能、燃料电池等新一代能源科技。水电解系统结构简单、不用氢分离操作、活动部分少、从电力到氢的能量转换效率比较高(60%~80%),成为制氢技术研发的热点。水电解技术有碱水电解、固体高分子型水电解、高温水蒸气电解。利用可再生能源制氢是新能源领域的一个新发展趋势,被称为拯球地球的动力,已提出了"可再生氢"的概念。利用剩余风电、光伏电力制氢不失为解决弃风、弃光的成功之策。目前可再生能源电力制氢技术研究开发活跃。电解水制氢催化剂技术、固体氧化物型水电解制氢技术和光电化学制氢技术的研究开发取得了很大的进展。我国河北省沽源县建设的世界最大风电制氢综合利用示范项目已全部并网发电。

Hydrogen energy is the most promising new alternative energy source,for zero emission and zero pol- lution can be achieved throughout the whole process from its exploitation to utilization.Countries all over the world have elevated the development of hydrogen energy as a national strategy.China should also vigorously develop new generation energy technology including hydrogen energy and fuel cell.Water electrolysis system has become a focus in the research and development of hydrogen production technology due to its advantages of simple structure,no hydrogen separation operation,less active part and high energy conversion efficiency from power to hydrogen （60%-80%）.Water electrolysis technology can be divided into alkaline water electroly- sis,solid polymer water electrolysis and high temperature steam electrolysis.Using renewable energy to produce hydrogen is a new developing trend in the field of new energy and known as the power for saving the earth, and the concept of renewable hydrogen has been put forward.Surplus wind power hydrogen production and photovohaie hydrogen production can be regarded as a successful solution to the problem of abandoned wind and light.At present,the research and development of power-to-hydrogen technology using renewable energy is active.Great progress has been made in the research and development of catalyst technology for hydrogen pro- duction through water electrolysis,hydrogen production technology through solid oxide water electrolysis and photoelectrochemical hydrogen production technology.The world＇s largest wind-to-hydrogen demonstration project in Guyuan County of Hebei Province in China has been connected to the ~rid.