经济新常态下创业带动就业的作用机制及对策研究

Functioning Mechanism and Measures for Developing Business Start-Up-Based Employment in New Economic Normal Situation

新常态背景下,中国经济增速趋缓,经济发展的驱动力逐步转变,经济结构进一步调整,就业问题将更加严峻和复杂。以创业带动就业既是新常态下稳定和扩大就业的必然选择,也是我国"十三五"期间实施"就业优先战略"的重要部署。本文分析了创业与就业的关系理论及经验研究结论,将创业对就业的带动作用归纳为三个阶段和四种效应,构建了一个框架模型阐释其作用机制:创业初期,受岗位创造效应影响明显,创业对就业有显著的促进;创业中期,挤出效应逐渐加强,创业抑制了就业;创业后期,供给侧效应发力,创业对就业表现出比初期更加积极的正向促进;整体上看,创业对就业的带动表现为滞后效应。为了提高创业带动就业的有效性,本文结合经济新常态特点,针对性地提出在不同阶段、不同作用效应影响下的解决对策。

Today Chinese economic development has gone into a new phase, which is characterized by slow-down growth, growth point transformation, structural reconstruction, and more acute employment problem and so on. Under these circumstances, it is inevitable to develop business start-up as so as to stabilize and expand employment, in response to the country's strategy of employment priority during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan Period. The present study reviews theories and practices accounting for relationship between business-start-up and employment, and constructs a three-phased-and fourdimensioned model to account for their interaction. In the initial phase, incentive effect is eminent, and business-start-up would significantly promote employment. In the second, crowding-out effect plays a bigger role, and business-start-up would inhibit employment. In the third, supply-side-effect has the upper hand, and business-start-up would produce more positive effect on employment than ever. And finally, in the fourth, lagging effect exerts greater impact. The study then proposes specific strategies in respective phase to better explore the advantages of business-start-up in promoting employment