鼎湖山不同森林类型土壤纤毛虫群落比较研究

Comparative Study on Soil Ciliates Community Structures Under Different Vegetation Types in Dinghu Mountain

为了丰富对鼎湖山自然保护区生物多样性的研究,了解不同植被类型下土壤原生动物群落的特征,本文对采自鼎湖山自然保护区7种不同植被下的土壤样品进行了土壤纤毛虫定性和定量分析。结果显示:在全部土壤样品中,共检出44属70种土壤纤毛虫。在全部纤毛虫种类中,仅有4种出现在全部土壤样中,它们分别是Bresslaua vorax、Colpoda cucullus、Cyclidium elogatum和Cyrtolophosis elongata。依据物种出现频率高低,鼎湖山自然保护区土壤纤毛虫中,广布种和特有种较少,而常见种较多。不同植被类型下土壤纤毛虫群落丰度介于1 730~29 200 ind./g,表现为针叶林-马尾松林<山顶灌草丛<针阔叶混交林<河岸常绿阔叶林<沟谷常绿阔叶林<温带季风常绿阔叶林<山地常绿阔叶林的特点。纤毛虫群落相似性分析显示:各样点土壤纤毛虫群落间处于中等不相似(0.25~0.5)到中等相似(0.5~0.75)的水平。从本研究结果看,土壤纤毛虫的分布更符合Foissner的"生物地理模型"。相关性分析显示:土壤含水量与土壤纤毛虫丰度之间有极显著的相关性(P<0.01),而土壤NO–3-N含量与纤毛虫丰度也有显著的相关性(P<0.05)。而多元相关分析表明鼎湖山土壤纤毛虫丰度变化与多个土壤理化因子组合共同作用间存在相关性,其中土壤含水量均作为一个重要组合元素出现。CCA分析显示不同的土壤理化因子对一具体纤毛虫种类的作用存有差异。

In order to expand the research of biodiversity in Dinghu Mountain Nature Reserve and understand further and more about the characteristics of soil protozoa community under different vegetation types, soil ciliates from 7 soil samples under different vegetations were cultured with the qualitative and quantitative methods. From all soil samples, 70 ciliates species, belonged to 44 genus, were found. In all ciliates, only Bresslaua vorax, Colpoda cucullus, Cyclidium elogatum and Cyrtolophosis elongata appeared in all soil samples. It could be found that widely distributed species and endemic species of ciliates were less, otherwise, common species of ciliates were more according to the species observed in all samples. The abundances of soil ciliates communities under different vegetation types ranged from 1 730 to 29 200 ind./g, and followed the order as conifer and pinus forest 〈 grass near mountain shrub 〈 coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest 〈 evergreen broad-leaved forest near riparian 〈 evergreen broad-leaved forest in ravine 〈 evergreen broad-leaved forest in temperate monsoon 〈 evergreen broad-leaved forest in montane. The similarity of soil ciliates communities in different vegetation types displayed from moderate dissimilar （0.25 to 0.5） to moderate similar （0.5 to 0.75） between each other. The results implies that the distribution of soil ciliates was more consistent with the Foissner＇s ＂biogeography model＂. Correlation analysis revealed an extremely significant correlation （P 〈 0.01） existed between soil moisture and ciliates abundance, and a significant correlation between soil NO3-N and ciliates abundance （P 〈 0.05）. The multiple correlation analysis showed correlations existed between soil ciliates abundance and the combinations of soil physico-chemical factors, and soil moisture appeared in each combination as an important element. CCA analysis showed that different soil physico-chemical factors had different effects on a certain ciliate species.