水利、交通与政治——国民政府开发塔里木河航运工程述评

Water Conservancy,Transportation and Politics——A Review of the Navigation Project along the Tarim River Implemented by the Nationalist Government of China

抗战后期,国民政府得以将新疆纳入中央直接管控范围内,其宣传多年的边疆开发得到实践机会。开发新疆,"交通第一""水利第一"是共识,兼具交通和水利属性的塔里木河航运工程被水利技术专家提出。在新疆特殊的政局环境催化下,国民政府新疆省当局将其纳入当务之急,加以实施。然而该工程并未能成为经济和民生、交通兼具的综合性水利开发工程,实际上围绕解决南粮北运而展开,呈现出应急性和政治性特征,且最终未能完成。由此例可窥见,在复杂的政局背景下,国民政府开发边疆的效能极低。

In the late stage of China' s Anti-Japanese War,the Nationalist Government of China was able to take Xinjiang into its immediate control and got the chance to carry out the frontier development policy it propagated for years. 'Transportation First','Water Conservancy First'were people' s consensus on the development of Xinjiang,and a navigation project along the Tarim River which has the function of both transportation and water conservancy was proposed by some water engineers. Provoked by the special political situation in Xinjiang then,the Xinjiang provincial authorities of the Nationalist Government took the project as their first imperative to implement. However,the project did not fulfill its design as a comprehensive water conservancy plan functioning in economy,people' s livelihood and transportation. In fact,the engineering was carried out mainly for the transportation of the food from southern Xinjiang to northern Xinjiang, representing an emergency and political nature. Moreover, this project was not completed at last. From this we can see that the Nationalist Government' s plan to develop Xinjiang was incredibly inefficient under the complex political situation.