《大唐西域记》所记“呾剌健国”考

The “Ta-La-Kien State” in the “Si-Yu-Ki” of Xuan Zang

玄奘《大唐西域记》中记录有一"呾剌健国",国内学者常误将其比定为今昆都士以东之塔卢坎(■)。本文通过穆斯林史料和西方学者研究结果,结合中文历史文献,考证呾剌健当为呼罗珊之塔里寒,其地应为今阿富汗法利亚布省之恰恰克图(Chachaktu)废墟。1221年,成吉思汗蒙古大军在此围攻七个月后将其城堡摧毁,呼罗珊之塔里寒逐渐失去了其要镇地位,14世纪后的文献中已鲜少提及,以致逐渐在历史中消失。本文根据《阿拉伯舆地丛书》(BGA)等穆斯林史料,指出在阿拉伯文献中,呼罗珊塔里寒和吐火罗斯坦塔里寒存在不同的原型,从而厘清长期困扰学界的"两个塔里寒"问题。

Xuan Zang recorded a 'Ta-La-Kien State'in the 'Si-Yu-Ki ',which scholars often think incorrectly as the Tāloqān(■) in the east of Kunduz. This paper demonstrates that Ta-La-Kien is the Tālaqān of Khorasan by referring to the Muslim literatures,the conclusion of Western scholars,and the Chinese historical literatures. Its authentic location is at the Chachaktu ruins of the east of BalaMurghab in the northwestern Afghanistan. Ta-La-Kien is thoroughly destroyed by the Mongolian army of the Genghis Khan in 1221,and disappeared in the history by degrees. The author thinks that it has different writing between the Tālaqān of Khorasan and the Tālaqān of Tocharistan in the Muslim literatures,for example 'Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum'( BGA),and solves completely the problem of the two 'Tālaqān'in the academic circle.