论孔子的“出世”情怀

On the Sentiment of Confucius' “Renouncing the world”

一般人以为,孔子治学,强调人的社会责任,注重经世致用,即所谓"入世",而与脱离俗世之束缚即所谓"出世"思想无涉。我们认为,此种看法的后半部分与事实相去甚远。事实是,孔子毕生心向大道,"天下有道则现,无道则隐"。即便是不得已而"隐居",孔子也是以实现平生志向为依归。值得我们认真思索的是,孔子曾长期处于"退隐"即由仕而布衣的平民化时期,这在一般人是人生最为失意、失落或最为沮丧的时期,而对于孔子,倒是一个自我砥砺而渐趋超凡入圣的过程。

General view is that Confucius did scholarly research with the purpose of social responsibility and innovative applications on reality,namely so-called ＂going into the society＂,and had nothing to do with ＂renouncing the world＂ which was to break away from earthliness.We believe that the back part of this perspective is far from the fact.The fact is that Confucius followed the True Way all his life,and ＂fully display his talent during great order under heaven;concealed his capacities during great disorder across the land＂.Even if Confucius was forced to live in seclusion,he would try his best to make life ambition come true.It is worth thinking deeply it over that Confucius had been retiring from public life for a long time and just in this period he turned gradually to be above the common and enter the Holy Land–uncommon,but if ordinary people were staying in such period,probably they would become frustrated,lost or the most depressed.