“拉帮结派”有利于企业创新吗?——来自中国高端装备制造产业的证据

Is“Cliques”Conducive to Corporate Innovation?——Evidence from China's High-end Equipment Manufacturing Industry

联盟创新网络中的局部集聚性是企业间"拉帮结派"的重要体现,这一结构对企业创新的影响已引起人们的关注。文章基于2000-2013年中国高端装备制造产业的企业间联盟数据,通过联盟关系构建创新网络,运用负二项回归模型分析派系和核心度对企业创新的影响进行分析。研究表明,联盟创新网络中派系数越多,嵌入企业的创新能力越强,且此影响具有明显的滞后性;企业的核心度对企业创新能力的影响呈现倒U形关系,即当核心度小于某一特定值时,企业的创新能力随着核心度的增加而增强;当核心度大于这一特定值时,企业的创新能力随着核心度的增加而下降。简言之,"拉帮结派"能够促进企业创新,但企业嵌入派系时要考虑适度规模的企业间关系以使自身创新收益的最大化。研究结论可为企业嵌入网络派系,相关政府部门制定联盟政策提供依据。

Local agglomeration in alliance innovation network is an important embodiment of the＂cliques＂between enterprises. The im-pact of this structure on corporate innovation has attracted a lot of attention. Based on the data of the inter enterprise alliance of China＇shigh-end equipment manufacturing industry from 2000 to 2013, the innovation network is constructed through the alliance relationship,and the impacts of the cliques and the coreness values on corporate innovation are analyzed by using the negative binomial regression mod-el. The study shows that the more the number of the cliques in the alliance innovation network, the stronger the embedded enterprises＇ in-novation capability, and this impact has an obvious hysteresis; the impact of the coreness values on the corporate innovation capabilitypresents the inverted U type relationship, namely when the coreness values are less than a certain value, the corporate innovation capabili-ty increases with the increase of the coreness values, when the coreness values are greater than the certain value, the corporate innovationcapability decreases with the increase of the coreness values. In short, the＂cliques＂can promote corporate innovation, but when enterpris-es embed the cliques, they should consider the appropriate scale of inter-firm relationship in order to maximize their own innovation in-come. The study conclusions can provide the basis for the enterprises to embed the network cliques and the relevant government depart-ments to formulate the alliance policy.