青岛市小学生口腔健康教育需求分析

DEMAND FOR ORAL HEALTH EDUCATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN QINGDAO,CHINA

目的调查分析小学生口腔疾病患病情况、口腔健康知信行情况以及小学生口腔健康知识主观需求状况,为有针对性地制定小学生口腔健康教育课程提供依据。方法根据调查目的设计口腔健康检查表及口腔健康问卷,采用分层随机抽样的方法在青岛市市南区抽取1 200名小学生进行调查。国家教育部按照小学生认知水平将小学阶段划分为3个水平,一二年级为水平一,三四年级为水平二,五六年级为水平三。按照教育部划分的3个水平对调查结果进行统计分析。结果进入分析队列共1 126人,水平三小学生恒牙龋高于其他水平,差异有显著性(F=32.391,P<0.05)。不同水平小学生龋齿充填率比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。不同水平间小学生牙龈炎检出率比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。不同水平间小学生对"含氟牙膏能预防龋齿"、"人一生有两副牙齿"、"六龄牙是哪颗牙"及"乳牙龋坏应治疗"等口腔保健知识知晓率比较,差异有显著性(χ2=17.845~62.564,P<0.05)。能做到"每天2次刷牙"、"每次刷牙3min"的小学生所占比例较低,不同水平间差异有显著性(χ2=30.106、36.779,P<0.05)。水平一小学生对乳恒牙替换时间知识需求最高(χ2=552.331,P<0.05),水平二小学生对预防龋齿知识需求最高(χ2=195.934,P<0.05),水平三小学生对错畸形知识需求最高(χ2=594.524,P<0.05)。结论建议根据儿童不同年龄段患病情况,结合他们的口腔健康知识、行为、意识情况,以及不同年龄段小学生对口腔健康知识的主观及客观需求情况,有针对性地设计口腔健康教育内容,形成系统的、统一的口腔健康教育课程。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of oral diseases,oral health knowledge,and subjective demand for oral health knowledge in primary school students,and to provide a basis for targeted development of oral health educational course.Methods An oral health examination form and an oral health questionnaire were designed according to the purpose of this investigation,and stratified random sampling was performed to collect 1 200 primary school students in Shinan District in Qingdao,China.Ministry of Education divided the cognitive level in primary school students into three levels,with first and second grades as level 1,third and fourth grades as level 2,and fifth and sixth grades as level 3.A statistical analysis was performed for the results of this investigation based on these three levels. Results A total of 1 126 students were enrolled.The primary school students with level 3had a significantly higher DMF index than those with levels 1and 2（F=32.391,P〈0.05）.There were no significant differences in caries filling rate and detection rate of gingivitis between the students at different levels（P〉0.05）.There were significant diffe-rences in the awareness rates of oral health knowledge such as＂fluoride toothpaste can prevent caries＂,＂we have two sets of teeth in our life＂,＂which is the first permanent molar＂,and＂decay of primary teeth should be treated＂between the students at different levels（χ2=17.845-62.564,P〈0.05）.The proportion of students who can＂brush the teeth twice every day＂or＂brush the teeth for three minutes every time＂was low and there were significant differences between the students at different levels（χ2=30.106,36.779;P〈0.05）.The students at level 1had the highest demand for the knowledge about＂replacement time of primary and permanent teeth＂（χ2=552.331,P〈0.05）,those at level 2needed more knowledge about＂prevention of dental caries＂（χ2=195.934,P〈0.05）,and those at level 3needed more knowledge about malocclusion（χ2=594.524,P〈0.05）. Conclusion It is recommended to design the contents of oral health education and form a systematic health educational course with reference to the prevalence of oral diseases in children with different ages,their oral health knowledge,behavior,and awareness,and their subjective and objective demands for oral health knowledge.