中国特殊教育政策演进:阶段特征、政策伦理、任务与挑战

The Evolution of China's Special Education Policy:Stages,Policy Ethics,Tasks and Challenges

我国特殊教育政策演进,大致体现为改革开放前强调"两类残疾儿童"特殊教育的基本规范阶段,改革开放后至十七大强调"三类残疾儿童"义务教育普及效率阶段,十七大至今强调所有残疾人的教育公平和质量阶段三个阶段特征。总体上,特殊教育政策设计是以人道主义关怀的政策伦理为核心,按照从"政治—人道"主义到"国家—人本"主义、再到"民生—人本"主义的政策伦理演进。当前,特殊教育政策演进面临的主要挑战是:应对党和国家政治与重大政策的要求,应对教育财政投入和受教育残疾人口等发展要素的变化,应对实现所有残疾人全面小康与特殊教育发展水平差距的矛盾、社会治理转型与特殊教育管理体制的矛盾、国际融合教育理念与传统特殊教育的矛盾、粗放式发展与满足残疾人人本化教育需求的矛盾。

The changes of special education policy in China underwent three stages ： the period with the emphasis on two types of disabled children and the basic norm regulations before the reform and opening up, the period of spread of compulsory education for three types of disabled children after the reform and opening up till the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and the period with the emphasis on education fairness and the quality for the disabled after the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Generally speaking, the design of special education policy is based on the policy ethics of humanitarian care, according to the evolution of policy ethics from＂ political humanism＂ to＂ national humanism＂ and＂ people＇ s livelihood＂. Now the challenges of special education policy in China are to deal with the party and the country＇ s political and policy requirements, respond to challenges in financial investment in education, the change of populations of special education, and solve the conflicts between realization of well-off of all disabled people and the gap of special education level, the conflicts between social management transform and special education administration system, the conflicts between international integration idea and traditional special education, the conflicts between extensive development and the individual demand of the disabled.