河南叶县方言里的“×气”结构

Structure of ×-qi in Yexian County Dialect in Henan Province

河南叶县方言里存在着一类具有形容词语法特征的"×气",但这类"×气"在语法表现上并不是完全相同的。"美气""清气""丑气""鬼气""眼气"等"×气"只具有形容词的语法特征,"邪气""喜气""姑娘气""小家子气""脂粉气"等"×气"除了具有形容词的语法特征之外,还具有体词的语法特征。通过对语料的观察与分析发现,"×气"在具有形容词语法特征的同时,是否还具有体词的语法特征与"气"意义的虚化程度有关。

There is a kind of x - qi in Yexian County dialect in Henan province, which has the characteristics of adjective, but the kind of x -qi is not identical in grammar performance. This kind of x -Qi, such as, mei qi, qing qi, chou qi, gui qi, yan qi, and so on, has the grammatical features of adjectives, but the kind of x - qi, such as, xie qi, xi qi, gu niang qi, xiao jia zi qi, zhi fen qi, and so on, not only has the grammatical features of adjectives, but also has the grammatical features of nominal. Through the observation and analysis of dialectal materials, it is discovered that x - qi has the grammatical features of adjectives, in the meantime, whether or not it has the grammatical features of nominal is related with the degree of grammaticalization of the meaning of qi.