长春市儿童对肥胖超重相关因素的认知情况及行为现状

Cognition and behavior related to obesity and overweight of children in Changchun City

目的了解长春市儿童对肥胖、超重相关知识的认识情况及行为,为开展儿童肥胖、超重预防及干预提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取长春市14个行政区域,每个区域抽取1所小学,共14所小学的3~6年级3 515名学生,利用课题组自行编制的问卷进行调查。结果有效问卷3 515份,男生1 766人,占50.2%,女生1 749人,占49.8%,平均年龄(10.24±1.27)岁。知识均分仅在及格线上,男女及格率分别为60.9%和63.2%。知识知晓率低:知识完全掌握的有158(4.5%)人,其中,知道蛋白质、碳水化合物及维生素的最主要来源的学生比例分别为56.5%、26.0%、64.0%。在行为上,5.2%的学生从不参加课间活动,76.5%的学生每天都吃早餐,40.3%的学生晚餐吃得最多而丰盛,9.0%的学生每天连续用眼(计算机、电视、手机)1 h以上。结论长春市儿童对超重肥胖相关因素的认知度较低,不良行为发生率较高。学校、家庭、社区及有关部门应采取应对措施,防止儿童肥胖、超重的蔓延。

[Objective] To understand knowledge and behavior related to obesity and overweight of children in Changchun City,provide evidence for intervention of obesity and overweight in children.[Methods] By using the multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling,a total of 3 515 students of grade 3-6 from 14 primary,schools in 14 administrative regions of Changchun City were investigated by the self-completed questionnaire.[Results] There were 3 515 effective questionnaires from 1 766 （50.2%） boys and 1 749（49.8%） girls,and the average age was （10.24 ±1.27） years old.The average score of knowledge was just on the pass line,which the pass rate of boys and girls was 60.9% and 63.2% respectively.The awareness rate of knowledge was low,only 158 （4.5%） students completely mastered the knowledge,and the proportion of students knew the most important sources of protein,carbohydrate and vitamin was 56.5%,26.0% and 64.0%,respectively.In health behavior,5.2% of students never took part in class activities,76.5% of students had breakfast everyday,40.3% of students had the most abundant dinner in the three meals a day,and 9.0% of students used their eyes for computer,TV and mobile phone more than 1 hour every day.[Conclusion] The cognition of factors related to obesity and overweight among children is not satisfactory,and the rate of unhealthy behavior is higher.Schools,families,communities and relevant departments should take measures to prevent the spread of obesity and overweight in children.