南京市中学生健康生活方式的现况调查

Cross-sectional study on healthy lifestyle among middle-school students in Nanjing City

目的掌握南京市中学生健康生活方式知识、态度和行为情况及影响因素。方法按照简单随机抽样原则和整群随机抽样法,抽取2000名中学生,采用问卷面对面调查。结果 (1)描述性分析显示中学生健康知识总体知晓率为72.1%,健康态度总体持有率为76.6%,健康行为总体形成率为55.1%。(2)单因素分析显示女性在健康知识、健康态度领域的得分均高于男性(P<0.05)。城市学生在健康知识、健康行为领域的得分均高于农村学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。城市学生在健康态度领域的得分低于农村学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。初中学生在健康知识领域的得分低于高中学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在健康态度、健康行为领域初中学生的得分高于高中学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。开设健康教育课的中学生在健康知识、健康态度、健康行为3方面得分均高于未开设者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)将知识题、态度题、行为题得分分别作为因变量,性别、地区、父母吸烟饮酒情况、健康教育课开设情况作为自变量,采用stepwise法进行多元线性回归分析,以α=0.05为水准,结果显示,地区、受教育程度影响中学生健康知识、态度、行为领域的得分,性别影响健康知识、健康态度领域得分,父母烟酒行为、是否开设健康教育课影响中学生健康态度、健康行为领域得分。结论性别、地区、受教育程度、父母烟酒行为、健康教育课开设情况分别影响中学生健康生活与行为的各个领域,而地区、受教育程度、父母烟酒行为、健康教育课开设情况是中学生健康生活方式与行为的主要影响因素。

[Objective] To obtain the knowledge,attitude and practice about healthy lifestyle among middle-school students in Nanjing City,analyze its influencing factors.[Methods] A face to face questionnaire was performed among 2000 middle-school students who were collected according to the simple random sampling principle and cluster random sampling method-[Results] （1）The descriptive analysis showed that the total awareness rate of health knowledge in middle-school students was 72.1%,the total holding rate of health attitude was 76.6%,and the total formation rate of health behavior was 55.1%.（2） Single factor analysis showed that the scores of health knowledge and health attitude in females were higher than those in males （P〈0.05）,the scores of health knowledge and health behavior in urban students were higher than those in rural students,and the differences were statistically significant （P〈0.05）.The score of health attitude in urban students was lower than that in rural students,and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）.The score of health knowledge in junior high school students was lower than that in senior high school student,and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）.The scores of health attitude and health behavior in junior high school students were higher than those in senior high school student,and the differences were statistically significant （P〈0.05）.The scores of health knowledge,health attitude and health behavior in students receiving the health education course were higher than those in those without health education course,and the differences were statistically significant （P〈0.05）.（3）Knowledge score,attitude score and behavior score were used as dependent variables,while sex,region,smoking and drinking behaviors of parents and health education course were used as independent variables,the stepwise multiple linear regression analysis （α=0.05） showed that region and education level were related to scores of health knowledge,health attitude and health behavior in middleschool students,sex was related to scores of health knowledge and health attitude,smoking and drinking behaviors of parents and health education course were related to scores of health attitude and health behavior.[Conclusion] Sex,region,education level,smoking and drinking behaviors of parents and health education course are respectively related to health life and health behavior in middle-school students,while region,education level,smoking and drinking behaviors of parents and health education course are the main factors influencing the healthy lifestyle and behaviors in middle-school students.