2007—2015年北京市房山区人感染布氏杆菌病流行特征

Epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Fangshan District of Beijing from 2007-2015

目的通过分析2007—2015年北京市房山区人间布氏杆菌病(Brucellosis简称布病)疫情流行特征,掌握房山区布病疫情动态,为该区布病防控工作提供依据。方法对房山区2007—2015年布病疫情处置资料、个案调查资料及高危人群血清学监测资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2007—2015年北京市房山区累计报告布病26例,年均发病率为0.28/10万,2015年发病例数最高,发病率为1.73/10万;全年3—5月为发病高峰期;长阳镇及佛子庄乡发病例数较高,占病例总数的30.7%;男女性别比为4.2∶1,差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.413,P<0.05),40~50岁年龄组发病最高,占发病构成的46.15%,职业以农民发病为主,占50%;仅2015年发现3起聚集性疫情,其它年份无聚集性疫情;患者首诊医院以区级和市级医疗机构为主,65.38%的患者由市级医疗机构确诊,34.62%的患者由区级医疗机构及区疾控中心确诊;从发病至确诊时间间隔中位数为24 d;84.62%的患者有牛羊等家畜暴露史,15.38%的患者感染原因不明;2013—2015年布病高危人群监测感染率为1.42%,其他年份监测未发现感染者。结论 2007—2015年北京市房山区养羊户为布病主要发病人群,这些人群知识水平低,防护意识淡薄,应引起有关部门的重视,采取综合防控措施控制疫情。

[Objective] To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis in Fangshan District of Beijing from 2007-2015,obtain the dynamic epidemic situation of brucellosis and provide the basis for further prevention and control.[Methods] The data of epidemic disposal,epidemiological investigation and serological surveillance of high-risk population of brucellosis in Fangshan District from 2007-2015 were analyzed by the descriptive epidemiology.[Results] A total of 26 brucellosis cases were reported in Fangshan District from 2007-2015,with the average annual incidence rate of 0.28/lakh.The case number in 2015 was the highest,and the incidence rate was 1.73/lakh.The peak season appeared March to May.Most of cases occurred in Changyang Town and Fozizhuang Town,accounting for 30.7% of total cases.The male-to-female ratio was 4.2 ∶ 1,and the difference was statistically significant between males and females （x2=9.413,P〈0.05）.The patients aged 40-50 years old accounted for 46.15%.The occupational distribution showed that farmers accounted for 50%.There were 3 aggregation epidemic events in 2015,and no obvious epidemic outbreak was observed in other years.The first visiting hospitals were mainly district-level and municipal medical institutions,65.38% of cases were confirmed by provincial medical institutions,and 34.62% of cases were confirmed by district-level medical institutions and centers for disease control and prevention.The median of duration from onset to diagnosis was 24 days.84.62% of cases had exposure history to cattle or sheep,and 15.38% had unknown infection reason.The positive rate of high-risk populations was 1.42% from 2013 to 2015,and no infection was found in other years.[Conclusion]Sheep farmers with low education level and lack awareness of protection are the main population of Brucellosis in Fangshan District.Relevant agencies should emphasize the issue and take comprehensive measures to control the spread of brucellosis.