储粮环境中大谷盗共生昆虫种类及场所发生特性调查研究

SURVEY ON COMMUNITY INSECT SPECIES OF TENEBROIDES MAURITANICUS (LINNAEUS) AND THEIR HABITAT CHARACTER IN GRAIN STORGE ENVIRONMENT

大谷盗是主要储粮害虫之一,其在具体生态场所发生的共生昆虫种类是其生态学的重要内容之一,也是其综合治理的基础。通过对11个省79个地市的粮库、粮油加工企业、农户等551个单位的调查,发现储粮场所中与大谷盗共同发生的节肢动物涉及蛛形纲和昆虫纲2个纲,计8个目28个科,共60种。昆虫纲中有7个目59种,鞘翅目昆虫占调查到昆虫种类的78%,主要涉及拟步甲科的拟谷盗属、黑粉虫属、小菌虫属、粉盗属等昆虫,以及扁谷盗科、阎虫科、小蕈甲科、露尾甲科、斑螟科、螟蛾科、谷蛾科等类群的昆虫。主要共生昆虫多属于粉食性、菌食性、蛀食性、杂食性等食性,大谷盗共生昆虫的栖息部位主要为粮油加工厂中的车间库房墙角下脚粮堆积处、陈粮长久积存处、提升和输送机底部、地下室、车间杂物(粮)堆放处等。

Tenebroides mauritanicus （Linnaeus） is one of principal stored-products insects, the community insect species in their habitats is important ecological factor ,which is also scientific reference of integrated pest management. According toinvestigations on 551 unites included in granaries ,grain and oil processing enterprises and farmers located in 79 prefecture-level cities of 11 provinces,the community insect species involved in 2 classes （arachnids and insects）, 8 orders and 28 families, 60 species. There are 7 orders and 59 species that are member of insect class.and The per centage of Coleoptera insects accounted for 78% among of investigated insect species. Which mainly involve in Tenebrionidae （such as genus of Tribolium, Tenebrio,Alphitobius, Palorus ）, Laemophloeidae , Histeridae , Mycetophagidae , Nitidulidae , Phycitidae , Pyralidae , Tineidae and so on. The community insects with T.mauritanicus dominantly came down to powder feeders,fungus feeders,grain borers, omnivore feeders. The mainly inhabits include in corners or floor of workshop and warehouse, the base room of elevator and conveyor, building basement, where was scarps, debris, and stale grain piled up and so on.