人们为什么会创业?——基于风险、企业家能力与金融约束的影响因素研究

Why Do People Start Up a Business? Determinant Analyses Based on Risk,Entrepreneurial Ability and Financial Constraints

创业活动对经济增长和发展具有至关重要的作用。本文广泛搜集、梳理了国外自主创业理论和相关实证研究,并对相关文献进行了归纳、分析和总结,在此基础上我们对未来自主创业研究领域指出了新的研究方向。首先,本文从理论层面分析影响人们做出不同就业选择的因素。通过文献的梳理与综述,我们发现现有的文献给出了四组理论来解释创业选择活动:风险规避、企业家能力、金融约束,以及将企业家能力和金融约束相结合来解释创业行为。其次,本文对实证分析就业选择影响因素的相关文献进行了梳理和归纳。这一部分重点着眼于计量方法,以及在就业选择实证文献里,作者如何解决相应的计量问题,并对现有的实证论文所获得的最重要结论进行了总结和归纳。第三,在理解了就业选择的理论及实证结论之后,本文概述了在这一领域的中国文献,归纳了在中国这一特定的经济环境下就业选择研究的重要结论。最后,本文指出了未来自主创业研究领域的研究方向。

Entrepreneurship cannot be emphasized enough in the overall growth and development process. The overall goal of this paper is to understand by surveying the existing literature extensively how theories and empirical work on entrepreneurial choice can help us understand choices individuals are making in labor markets. First,this paper reviews four sets of theories that try to answer the question： risk aversion; entrepreneurial ability; financial constraints and the combination of financial constraints and entrepreneurial ability. Second,this paper reviews a large body of papers that are concerned with testing hypotheses about the determinants of occupational choice. Our focus will be on understanding the econometric approaches,how the authors deal with the econometric problems in the occupational choice literature and reviewing some of the most important results. Third,this paper directly assesses the state of China＇s literature in this area. Finally,this paper points out the possible future research topics and directions in this area.