诺莫网络视角下知识型员工隐性知识共享与员工沉默关系研究

Research about Tacit Knowledge Sharing and Employee Silence of Knowledge-oriented Staff: A Nomological Network Perspective

作为典型的员工自愿行为,隐性知识共享与员工沉默这对构念之间的关系是否如其字面含义一样相互对立是本研究拟解答的关键问题。笔者选取24家企业的320位知识型员工为调研对象,以诺莫网络为主导逻辑,从隐性知识、知识主体和组织三个视角筛选出五个前置因素,并选择知识溢出这一后果变量,运用相关性分析、回归分析和结构方程模型等方法分析知识型员工隐性知识共享与员工沉默之间的关系。研究结果显示:隐性知识共享与员工沉默是相互独立的两个构念。就前置因素而言,在隐性知识层面上,知识黏性会促进员工沉默而抑制隐性知识共享;在知识主体层面上,面子需要对隐性知识共享和员工沉默均产生显著正向影响,心理安全感则会促进隐性知识共享而抑制员工沉默;在组织层面上,人际信任、组织自尊均促进隐性知识共享。就后果变量而言,隐性知识共享会促进知识溢出,而员工沉默则抑制知识溢出。研究结果厘清了知识型员工隐性知识共享与员工沉默之间的关系,为该领域提供了新的研究视角和框架,同时也为我国企业情境下提升员工的创新绩效提供了一定的启示。

As two representative discretionary work behaviors,the relationship between tacit knowledge sharing and employee silence seemed like opposite constructs,but their real relation was not as superficial as they exhibited. To explore this question,this paper chose 320 employees in 24 enterprises as the research object,and established a nomological network,then used correlation analysis,regression analysis,structural equation model and other methods to analyze the relationship between tacit knowledge sharing and employee silence among knowledge-oriented staffs,then we chose 5 immediate antecedents from 3 different perspectives,including tacit knowledge,knowledge subject and organization,and chose knowledge spillover as a consequence variable. Analysis results showed： tacit knowledge sharing and employee silence were two independent constructs and they are not significantly related. As for pre-factors,at the level of the tacit knowledge,knowledge stickiness was positively related to employee silence and negatively related to tacit knowledge sharing; at the level of the knowledge subject,face need not only could advance tacit knowledge sharing,but also promoted to employee silence obviously,and psychological safety was positively related to tacit knowledge sharing,and negatively related to employee silence; at the level of the organization,interpersonal trust and organization-based self-esteem were both positively related to tacit knowledge sharing. As for consequence variables,tacit knowledge sharing could boost knowledge spillover,and employee silence could inhibit knowledge spillover. The research results clarified the relationship between tacit knowledge sharing and employee silence among knowledge-oriented staffs,and provided a new research perspective and framework for this field,and also provided a certain enlightenment for improving the innovation performance of employees in Chinese enterprises.