青岛小麦产区丛枝菌根真菌调查

Investigations on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Rhizosphere of Wheat Grown in Qingdao

丛枝菌根(AM)真菌是重要的种质资源。作者对青岛小麦种植区小麦根区土壤中AM真菌种类、分布、菌根侵染等状况进行调查,旨在初步了解该地区小麦产区AM真菌资源情况,为进一步开展山东省小麦主产区AM真菌群落结构及其生理生态功能奠定基础。自青岛城阳区和胶州小麦主产区采集小麦(济麦22)根围样品,共分离鉴定AM真菌4属17种,其中无梗囊霉属(Acaulospra)4种、管柄囊霉属(Funneliformis)1种、球囊霉属(Glomus)11种和巨孢囊霉属(Gigaspora)1种。其中,Acaulospra bireticulata、Acaulospra denticulate、Glomus geosporum、Rhizophagus intraradices和Gigaspora margarita是青岛小麦产区土壤中AM真菌的优势种。该区小麦根系AM侵染率在13%~30%之间,2月份侵染率最高,4~5月份则最低;AM真菌孢子数量4月份最多。本研究初步明确了山东青岛地区小麦根区土壤中AM真菌发育与分布情况,为进一步探究山东麦区麦根区土壤中AM真菌分布规律,筛选促进小麦生长的AM真菌提供了条件和技术基础。

Arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi are important germplasm resources. AM fungal species, dis- tribution and colonization status on wheat grown in Qingdao were investigated to preliminary understand AM fungus resources in the rhizosphere of wheat and to lay the foundation for further research on AM fun- gal community structure and its physiological and ecological functions. Wheat （cultivar： Jimai 22） rhizo- sphere soil samples collected from Chengyang and Jiaozhou, the major wheat producing areas in Qingdao. Total 17 species in 4 genus of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were isolated and identified： including 4 speceis in Acaulospra, 1 Funneli formis, 11 Glomus and I Gigaspora. A. bireticulata, A. denticulate, G. geos- porum, R. intraradices and, Gi. margarita were the dominant species. The AM colonization percentage of the wheat was from 13% and 30%, the highest occurred in February, the lowest in April or May, and the most AM fungal spore quantity in April. This study preliminarily showed the present statue of devel- opment and distribution of AM fungi in the wheat rhizosphere in Qingdao, provided information and tech- nology foundation for further exploring of AM fungal distribution in Shandong and screening AM fungi for promoting the growth of wheat.