柱型苹果杂交后代不同株型枝叶及光合参数比较

Comparison of Branch Leaf and Photosynthetic Parameters in Different Plant Types of Columnar Apple's Hybrid Progeny

为了分析柱型苹果杂交后代群体不同株型的幼树在形态及生理上的差异,本文以柱型苹果‘塔斯坎’、‘特珍’与普通型苹果‘富士’、‘嘎啦’杂交的3个群体为试材,进行了枝条、叶片以及光合参数的比较。研究结果表明:3个杂交组合不同株型的表型存在很大差异,普通型植株节间长度分别是柱型植株的1.81、1.69和1.68倍,长粗比分别是柱型的1.62、1.59和1.57倍,成枝角度分别是柱型的2.07、1.89和1.93倍。柱型苹果植株容易形成大量短枝,短枝比例分别是普通型的1.57、1.85和1.83倍,普通型植株长枝较多,长枝比例分别是柱型植株的2.35、2.49和2.52倍。柱型苹果对光能的利用效率比普通型高,其叶面积指数分别是普通型的6.41、6.43和4.92倍。日周期中,柱型苹果树的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)均高于普通型苹果树,二者均呈双峰曲线,在13:00-14:00之间有一段"午休"现象。

In order to analyze the differences in morphology and physiology of different type trees, three groups of columnar apple hybrid progenies （the columnar apple ＇Tuscan＇ , ＇Trajan＇ and the standard ap- ple ＇Fuji＇ , ‘Gala＇ ） were used as materials to measure the branches and leaves and the photosynthetic pa- rameters. The results were as follows： there were significant differences in the phenotype of 3 hybrid com- binations. The internode length of the standard apple branches was 1.81, 1.69, 1.68 times, the ratio of length to thickness was 1.62, 1.59, 1.57 times, and the branch angle was 2.07, 1.89, 1.93 times higher than those of the columnar apple branches, respectively. It was easy to form a lot of short branches in co- lumnar apple plants, short branch proportion was 1.57, 1.85 and 1.83 times higher than those of standard apple plants. Standard apple plants had more long branches, long branch proportion was 2.35, 2.49 and 2.52 times higher than those of columnar apple plants. Compared with the standard plants, the leaf area index of columnar apple was 6.41, 6.43 and 4.92 times higher than those of columnar plants. The net photosynthetic rate （Pn） and transpiration rate （Tr） of the columnar apple trees were higher than those of the standard apple trees in the diurnal cycle, all of which showed the double peak curve, between 13：00and 14：00, columnar and standard apple all appeared obviously photosynthetic midday depression.