荀子的批判性思维及限度探析

An Analysis of Xunzi's Critical Thinking Tendency and Limit

批判性思维是一种思维意识、思维技能和思维气质,是以人的独立性为基础发现、分析和解决问题的思维样态。荀子有突出的批判性思维倾向,主要包括思维的独立性和平等性、求真性和正当性、开放性和创造性、现实性和实践性、全面性和整体性。荀子的批判性思维倾向存在历史的局限性,这种局限性主要体现在强调社会控制、崇尚等级和"大一统"的政治目的观。

Critical thinking is a thinking consciousness, thinking skill and thinking temperament. Based on independence of individual, it is a thinking state of finding, analyzing, and solving problems. Through analysis of theory and social activities of Hsun-Tzu, the writers of this article find that the eminent thinker and politician was in many aspects endowed with outstanding critical thinking, including independence and equality, truth-seeking and legitimacy, openness and creativity, reality and practicality, comprehensiveness and integrity. However,Hsun-Tzu's critical thinking tendency has limitations of history, the exploration of which is conducive to expanding our understanding of Hsun-Tzu's thinking mode, ideas and temperament, as well as of Confucianism and traditional ideology and culture of Pre-Qin period.