2012—2016年甘肃省某综合医院住院死亡病例分析

Analysis of hospitalized death cases in a general hospital in Gansu from 2012 to 2016

目的统计分析甘肃省某综合医院住院死亡病例,研究住院死亡病例的死因构成及特点。方法收集2012—2016年该院住院死亡病例的病案资料,进行回顾性统计分析。结果 2012—2016年全院总病死率0.45%,男女病死率比为2.10∶1,男性病死率(0.62%)明显高于女性(0.30%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=90.497,P<0.05);不同年龄组人群病死率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=204.196,P<0.05),75岁及以上组病死率最高;死因顺位前五位分别是循环系统疾病、损伤和中毒、呼吸系统疾病、恶性肿瘤和起源于围生期的疾病,55岁以上根本死因以急性心肌梗死、慢性阻塞性肺病、恶性肿瘤、缺血性心脏病和脑出血为主(51.76%),5岁以下年龄组死因以早产、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、肺炎、先天性心脏病、肺发育不良为主(45.54%)。结论医院应针对不同疾病、不同年龄人群进行健康教育,指导群众养成良好的生活方式,同时加强医院医疗质量安全管理,提高有效的医疗救治,降低病死率,提高生存质量。

Objective To statistically analyze the hospitalized death cases, to research the composition and characteristics of the hospitalized death cases in a general hospital of Gansu province. Methods The clinical data of the hospitalized death cases in the hospital from 2012 to 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Results From 2012 to 2016, the total fatality rate was 0.45%, with the fatality ratio（2.10∶1） between the male（0.62%） and female（0.30%）, and the difference was statistically significant（χ~2=90.497, P〈0.05）. There was statistical difference in fatality rate among various age groups（χ~2=204.196,P〈0.05）, with the highest fatality rate in age group of 75 years and over. The top 5 death causes were circulatory disease, injury and poisoning, respiratory disease, malignant tumor and diseases originating in the perinatal period, with the dominant underlying death causes of acute myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, malignant tumors, ischemic heart disease, and cerebral hemorrhage（51.76%） in the age group over 55 years, and premature birth, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypoplasia（45.54%） in the age group under 5 years.Conclusions Health education should be strengthened according to patients’ age and diseases so as to get good life style.Meanwhile, medical quality and safety management of the hospital should also be reinforced to improve the medical treatment, effectively reduce fatality rate and increase the quality of life.