杏花岭区2013-2016年92所学校教室环境卫生监测结果分析

Analysis of environmental health surveillance in 92 classrooms of Xinghualing district,2013-2016

目的为了解中小学教室环境卫生状况,及时发现问题,提出整改意见。方法依据《学校卫生工作条例》《学校卫生综合评价》GB∕T18205-2012,2013-2016年对92所中小学抽检的537间教室进行了两个周期的现场监督监测。结果 2013-2014年和2015-2016年监测的教室人均面积、课桌椅、黑板、采光、照明、微小气候、噪声合格率分别为48.1%、25.3%、65.5%、60.2%、75.3%、92.0%、98.5%和60.0%、31.5%、76.4%、64.3%、82.3%、95.1%、100%,统计学分析显示2015-2016年较2013-2014年上述各指标合格率均明显提高(P<0.05)。其中课桌椅合格率小学优于中学,公办优于民办,城市优于乡镇;人均面积合格率公办优于民办,乡镇优于城市;黑板合格率小学优于中学,公办优于民办,乡镇优于城市;照明合格率中学优于小学,民办优于公办,乡镇优于城市,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。采光、微小气候和噪声合格率在各类学校间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论政府义务教育的财政投入和卫生监督措施的实施使得2015-2016年较2013-2014年中小学教室卫生指标合格率明显提高。加强民办、中学、乡镇学校课桌椅、黑板等设施的投入、控制班级容量、严格民办学校准入和加强学校内部管理等是改善教学环境的有效措施。

Objective To realize the situation of primary and secondary school teaching environment to find out the problems and put forward improvement measures. Method On the basis of school health regulations school health comprehensive evaluation of GB/T18205-2012,from 2013 to 2016,the department of health supervision of Xinghualing district health bureau in Taiyuan conducted two periodic monitoring and the 537 classrooms in 92 primary and secondary schools in the district were monitored. Result From 2013 to 2014 and from 2016 to 2015,the qualified rates the per capita area of classrooms,desks and chairs,blackboards,daylighting,lighting,microclimate,and noise were respectively 48. 1%,25. 3%,65. 5%,60. 2%,75. 3%,92. 0%,98. 5% and 60. 0%,31. 5%,76. 4%,64. 3%,82. 3%,95. 1%,100%. Statistical analysis showed that compared with these indexes from 2013 to 2014,the qualified rates of these indexes of from 2015 to 2016 were improved significantly（ P〈0. 05）. The qualified rates of indicators of desks and chairs,per capita area,blackboards,daylighting from2015 to 2016 were less than 80%,in particular,the qualified rates of per capita area,desks and chairs were no more than 60%,but the qualified rates of lighting,microclimate,and noise were more than 80%. Among these,the qualified rate of desks and chairs in the primary was superior to the secondary,the public was superior to the private,the city was superior to the township; the qualified rate of per capita area of public was superior to the private,the township was superior to the city;the qualified rate of blackboards in the primary was superior to the secondary,the public was superior to the private,the township was superior to the city; the qualified rate of lighting,the secondary was superior to primary,private was superior to public,township was superior to city（ P〈0. 05）. The quality of daylighting,microclimate and noise were no statistically significant in any school（ P〉0. 05）. Conclusion The government compulsory education financial input and the implementation of health supervision measures make the primary and secondary school classroom health indicators pass rate increased significantly from 2013 to 2014 compared from 2015 to 2016. Primary and secondary school classroom desks and chairs,blackboards,lighting area per capita,the qualified rate are still low,it should be taken to strengthen the township,private school,school desks and chairs,blackboard facilities and control class capacity,strict access of private schools,strengthen the internal management of schools and other measures.