法络氏四联症胎儿大脑沟回发育的产前超声诊断

A prenatal ultrasound study of cerebral sulci and gyrus development in fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot

目的观察中晚孕期法洛氏四联症胎儿(ToF)大脑沟回发育的超声表现和脑血流灌注情况,评价ToF胎儿大脑沟回发育。方法分析2015年12月~2016年10月在南方医科大学附属深圳市妇幼保健院超声医学科诊断为ToF的40名中晚孕期(23周~33周6天)胎儿的大脑沟回资料,评估大脑沟回指标:顶枕沟深度、角度及顶枕沟切面半球深度、距状沟深度及距状沟切面半球深度、外侧裂宽度及深度、脑岛未覆盖宽度、外侧裂切面半球深度、脑岛未覆盖率、头围、双顶径;评估血流动力学指标:脐动脉阻力指数、脐动脉搏动指数、大脑中动脉阻力指数、大脑中动脉搏动指数、脑胎盘血流阻力指数比、脑胎盘血流比,对上述参数测值进行统计分析。结果中晚孕期ToF胎儿的顶枕沟深度、外侧裂深度、距状沟深度、顶枕沟切面半球深度、距状沟切面半球深度、双顶径和头围较对照组小(P<0.05);ToF胎儿大脑中动脉搏动指数、大脑中动脉阻力指数、脑胎盘血流阻力指数比和脑胎盘血流比比对照组小(P<0.05)。结论中晚孕期ToF胎儿的大脑沟回发育较正常儿延迟,表现为顶枕沟、外侧裂和距状沟浅,顶枕沟和脑岛闭合延迟,心脏结构异常导致血流动力学改变可能是ToF胎儿大脑沟回发育迟缓的一个原因。

Objective To evaluate the development of the cerebral sulci and gyrus and cerebral blood flow in fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot （ToF） in the second and third trimesters using ultrasound imaging. Methods Forty fetuses （23-33＋6 weeks） with ToF diagnosed using ultrasound imaging between December, 2015 and September, 2016 were analyzed in this study. The development of the cerebral sulci and gyrus was evaluated by measuring the parietal-occipital fissure （POF） depth, POF angle, sylvian fissure （SF） depth, SF width, uncovered insular width, calcarine fissure （CF） depth, hemisphere depth on the views of POF, SF and CF, uncovered insular ratio, biparietal diameter （BPD）, and head circumference （HC）. Cerebral hemodynamics were assessed by measuring the umbilical artery resistance index, umbilical artery pulsation index, middle cerebral artery pulsation index （MCA-PI）, middle cerebral artery resistance index, the cerebral-to-placental resistance ratio, and the cerebroplacental ratio. Results In ToF fetuses, the POF depth, SF depth, CF depth, BPD, HC and hemisphere depth on the views of parietal-occipital sulcus and calcarine sulcus were significantly smaller than those in the control group （P〈0.05）. The middle cerebral artery resistance index, middle cerebral artery pulsation index, the cerebral-to-placental resistance ratio and the cerebroplacental ratio were also significantly lower in ToF fetuses than in the control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The cerebral sulci and gyrus in ToF fetuses in second and third trimesters show underdevelopment compared with those in normal fetuses, and the changes in hemodynamics caused by abnormal cardiac structure might be one of the reasons for cerebral sulci and gyrus underdevelopment in fetuses with ToF.