“以象为教”与“道体”的时间性:论章学诚的诗教思想

The Temporality of Image Teaching and Tao System： On Zhang Xuecheng＇s Poetry

章学诚认为，儒家之“道”的理想呈现状态是随时机而发的、偶在性的，绝不能囿于、停滞于对“六经”训诂性的知识考辨，又不能止步于宋明以来局于纯粹意识领域的心性之学，而要在实际践行中活生生地涌现出来，且奠基于亲子之爱之上的儒家之礼的最佳承载方式之一就是“以象为教”及“以诗为教”，只是章学诚并没有对“易之象”与“诗之象”之间的本质性区分进行辨析。本文认为，章学诚不仅提出了“以象为教”的直接渊源在于“六经皆史”，而且还从审美时间意识何以更好达成的角度，深入探究了诗教在口耳相传这一传播方式中的优长之处。

Zhang Xuecheng＇s supposition that the representation of Tao in Confu- cianism is incidental, so it would be emerged livingly in practice in accordance with the image and poetry as teaching methods in the inheriting of confucianist etiquette based on the family love, rather than to be limitnfined to consciousness since Song and Ming Dy- nasties. The shortcoming is only that Zhang Xueming overlooked the distinction between the image of Yi and the image of poetry. We beheve that Zhang,with his idea that image as teaching methods derived from the statement that Liujing should be regarded as histo- ry,and his explanation how to achieve the awareness of aesthetic temporality, has ex- plored the advantages of mouth-to-mouth teaching of poetry as the means of morality.