《耳谈》与《耳谈类增》重合篇目议论部分差异探微

A comparison and analysis of the discussion part of the same stories in Er Tan and Er Tan Lei Zeng

王同轨的《耳谈》曾在明万历年间引起过不小的轰动，而在由十五卷《耳谈》发展为五十四卷《耳谈类增》的过程中，作者不仅对原书奇闻逸事的数量有所增加，更对旧作许多篇目的议论部分进行了大量更改。通过两个版本议论部分的对比可以发现：作者首先有意弱化了天命鬼神的不可知性，而在其中加入了较强的道德教化色彩；其次将劝惩的重点由“惩”转向了“劝”，由此进一步鼓励普通民众在道德行为方面积极主动地转变。这不仅反映出作者对原有记录思考的深入，更说明作者期望通过议论，将《耳谈》由一部猎异之书变成一部有为之书。

Wang Tonggui＇s Er Tan and Er Tan Lei Zeng had caused a sensation a- mong literati in Wanli period. In the process of developing Er Tan into Er Tan Lei Zeng, the author not only added more anecdotes in his work, but also revised discussion parts greatly. By doing a comparative study of the discussion part of the same stories in the two books, my preliminary observations are as follows. Wang Tonggui reduced discussions a- bout the unpredictability of fate and ghosts. Meanwhile, he addressed on moral education by shifting the focus from punishment to persuasion, in order to persuade commoners into self- conscious improvement of their moral behavior. These revisions reflect Wang Tonggui＇s critical thinking about the original book and the expectation of transforming Er Tan from a collection of anecdotes to a book useful to the society.