菌剂添加对牛粪堆肥氮素变化及腐熟度影响

Nitrogen changes and maturity of cow manure composting influenced by microbial inoculum

为揭示外源菌剂添加条件下牛粪堆肥氮素变化规律,探明菌剂组成对氮素转化和腐熟的影响机制,优选兼有保氮和促腐作用的功能菌剂配方,采用正交设计法,设置4个菌剂配方,并以加入商品菌剂和自然堆肥作为对照,研究牛粪堆肥过程的氮素变化和腐熟程度。结果表明,堆肥过程的降温腐熟阶段氮素有较大损失,以全氮、有机氮、铵态氮降幅较大。组成中较高比例的霉菌和酵母菌在降低全氮和有机氮的损失及促进腐熟方面作用显著;菌剂配比不当反而会影响腐熟。以枯草芽孢杆菌:地衣芽孢杆菌:绿色木霉:黑曲霉:酵母菌=0.5:0.5:1:1:2的菌剂配比,腐熟质量及保氮效果最好,优于市售菌剂。改善降温期真菌种群丰度和比例,是改良配方的关键。

To reveal nitrogen changes in cow manure composting with addition of exogenous inoculum and the effects and mechanism of inoculum proportion on nitrogen transformation and maturity of the manure compost, and to optimize microbial inoculum formula that is suitable for nitrogen-conserving and decay accelerating, four treat- ments of microbial inoculums was set up using the uniform design method with the commercial microbial inoculum and natural compost as the control to study nitrogen and maturity index. The results indicated that N lost heavily during the rotten phase with a low temperature, of which, TN （total nitrogen）, ON （organic nitrogen） and NH4＋-N greatly reduced. A rather high proportion of mycete and saccharomycete in constitutes played a significant role in alleviating N lose and promoting maturity; however, an improper proportion would affect maturity. The NF3 treat- ment had a better effect than the commercial inoculum. Optimizing the abundance and ratio of fungi in the cooling phase is the key to improving formula.