Near-crash事件中驾驶人行为特征分析

Analysis of driving behavior characteristics of drivers in Near-crash events

为研究不同驾驶人在追尾事故中的驾驶行为特征,用Near-crash事件代替真实碰撞事件,选取一段城市快速道路开展实车试验。首先测试21名驾驶人实驾时的最大减速度、制动至最大减速度时间、平均减速度、碰撞时间倒数(TTCi)4个指标;然后用Mobileye等设备提取数据,得到不同性别、驾驶经验、驾驶风格的驾驶人指标因素;最后对数据进行方差分析。结果表明:Near-crash事件中,女性驾驶人平均减速度、最大减速度大于男性驾驶人,女性驾驶人更倾向于急刹车;经验影响驾驶人的平均减速度、最大减速度;熟练驾驶人制动到最大减速度时间长,制动过程更加平稳;激进型驾驶风格的驾驶人车头时距(THW)小于保守型驾驶人。

In order to study the driving behavior of drivers in rear-end accidents,field experiments were carried out in a certain section of urban expressway,in which near-crash events were observed. First of all,the maximum deceleration,braking to maximum deceleration time,average deceleration,and TTCi were measured for the 21 drivers. Then Mobileye and other equipment were used to extract data,on effects of factors,such as gender,driving experience and driving style,on driving behavior of drivers. Variance analyses were carried out for the data. The results show that average deceleration and the maximum deceleration of the female drivers in Near-crash events are greater than those of the male drivers,female drivers are more likely to slam on the brakes,that the experience affects the driver＇s average deceleration,the maximum deceleration,that the skilled driver＇s brake to the maximum deceleration time is longer,and the braking process is more stable,and that the driver time headway（ THW） of drivers having a ratical style of driving is smaller than that of the conservative drivers.