地熊蜂和意大利蜜蜂授粉对设施樱桃落花落果及果实品质的影响

Effects of Pollination by Bombus terrestris and Apis mellifera L. on Fruit Drop and Quality of Cherries( Cerasus pseudocerasus) in Greenhouse

利用地熊蜂(Bombus terrestris)和意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera L.)为设施樱桃(Cerasus pseudocerasus)授粉,观察两种蜂授粉后对果树的落花落果率及果实品质的影响。结果显示,地熊蜂授粉的红灯、大紫和红蜜3个樱桃品种落花率分别为31.5%、31.0%和29.2%,均显著低于意大利蜜蜂授粉处理;红灯和红蜜第一次落果率分别为3.1%和3.9%,显著低于意大利蜜蜂授粉;大紫第一次落果率为3.1%,低于意大利蜜蜂授粉,但差异不显著;地熊蜂授粉的红灯、大紫和红蜜的坐果率分别为58.8%、59.8%和57.1%,均显著高于意大利蜜蜂处理。另外,经过地熊蜂授粉的樱桃单果重分别为10.3、8.8 g和7.1 g,糖酸比分别为26.7%、24.5%和30.5%,也均显著高于意大利蜜蜂授粉处理。以上结果表明地熊蜂授粉不仅可以提高设施樱桃的授粉受精率,还可以改善果实风味,提升果实品质。

The effects of pollination by Bombus terrestris and Apis mellifera L. on fruit drop and quality of cherries（ Cerasus pseudocerasus） were studied in greenhouse. The results showed that the flower dropping rate of three cherry varieties（ Hongdeng,Black Tartarian and Hongmi） pollinated by B. terrestris were 31. 5%,31. 0% and 29. 2%,respectively,which were significantly lower than those pollinated by A. mellifera. The first fruit dropping rate of Hongdeng and Hongmi pollinated by B. terrestris were 3. 1% and 3. 9% respectively,and significantly lower than those pollinated by A. mellifera. The first fruit dropping rate of Black Tartarian was 3. 1% and lower than that pollinated by A. mellifera. The fruit setting rate of Hongdeng,Black Tartarianand Hongmi pollinated by B. terrestris were 58. 8%,59. 8% and 57. 1% respectively,which were significantly higher than those pollinated by A. mellifera. In addition,the single fruit weight of Hongdeng,Black Tartarianand and Hongmi pollinated by B. terrestris were 10. 3,8. 8 and 7. 1 g respectively,and the ratio of sugar toacid were 26. 7%,24. 5% and 30. 5% respectively; they were all significantly higher than those pollinated by A. mellifera. All the results indicated that B. terrestris pollination could not only increase the pollination and insemination rate,but also improve the fruit flavor and fruit quality of cherry.