苏南地区不同教堂声学性能比较研究

Comparison of acoustic performance in different churches

教堂并不是中国固有的建筑形式,其通过西方传教士传入中国,在中国又经历了多年变迁,最终形成了与西方传统教堂大相径庭的中国风格.教堂是传道的重要场所,对室内声场有着特殊的要求,而这些要求又与教堂的功能有着密不可分的关系.为了研究不同时期教堂内部形式、材料等对教堂声学性能的影响,探讨教堂功能与声学需求之间的关系,通过对部分地区的多座教堂进行实地测试以及软件模拟分析等方法,对不同时代、规模、平面形式的教堂进行了比较研究,并对使用者(包括神职人员和信众等)的听觉感受进行了随机调查.通过对实测、模拟以及主观调查的结果进行对比分析后,得出结论:(1)不同时期的教堂的主要声学指标存在着较大的差异;(2)专门进行过声学设计的教堂声学指标明显优于未经设计的教堂;(3)即使教堂的混响时间明显过长,在实际使用上似乎也没有特别的影响.

Churches are not built in China originally.They have been introduced to China through Western missionaries and have undergone many years of vicissitudes in China,forming a Chinese style that is very different from the traditional Western churches.In recent years,the number of congregation kept growing rapidly.More importantly,the church is an important place for evangelism,and has special requirements for the indoor sound field,and these requirements are inextricably linked with the function of the church.In order to study the influence of church internal forms and materials on the acoustic performance of churches in different periods,and to explore the relationship between church functions and acoustic needs,the author,through comparisons of field tests and software simulation analysis of several churches in some areas,comparatively studied the scale,the plane of the churchs,and randomly surveied the auditory experience of users（including clergy and believers,etc.）a random survey.The reverbera-tion time used T20 and STI（Speech Transmission Index）was also used for comparison.After tests in churches,computer simulation would be used.Through comparisons between tests in situ and results of computer simulations,there are several conclusions emerged：（1）The acoustics indexes of the churches in different periods are quite different;former ones may more designed for preaching,which were mostly designed by the pastor;with development of functions in churches,requirements of reverberation time has changed;（2）The acoustics indexes of churches which have been specially designed for acoustics are very different,professional designed ones have better performance;（3）Even if the church reverberation time was too long,in actual use seems to have no special effect,especially for the congregation.However,the pastor may have a more sensitive feeling of church reverberation time.