冻融和水流对寒区土渠侵蚀试验分析与设计

Experimentalanalysis and design of soil canal erosion in cold area with frozen and water flow

冻融和水流对寒区土渠侵蚀作用是一个复杂的现象,其对永冻区的水利工程、农业灌溉等方面都具有重大的影响。通过冻融和水流对寒区土渠侵蚀试验,对其作用规律展开研究,目的是通过试验解决冻融和水流对寒区土渠侵蚀问题。指出:试验是基于水流与土壤相互作用的复杂性,并对此定义出的4个研究方向:(1)河床稳定性研究;(2)各行业松散物料的水运运输;(3)沉积物的液压挖掘;(4)永久冻土条件下自然侵蚀过程的研究为背景展开的。试验的进行地域萨哈(雅库特)共和国有3种开放的土体河渠用于灌溉:(1)流域灌溉系统的河渠;(2)灌溉河渠;(3)排水系统的河渠。试验的目的是研究土体灌溉河渠与环境的相互作用过程,确定其不足的原因,并提出开发建议,以提高其运行的可靠性。设计试验时采用Khalaany体系和Khorobut体系。

The effect of freeze-thaw and water flow on soil erosion in cold region is a complex phenomenon, which has great influence on water conservancy project, agricultural irrigation and so on. The effect of freeze-thaw and water flow on the soil erosion in the cold region is studied, the purpose is to solve the problem of soil erosion in the cold region by freeze-thaw and water flow. It points out： The experiment is based on the complexity of the interaction between water flow and soil, and the four research directions defined. （1） studies of riverbed stability; （2） hydrotransportation of loose materials in various branches of industry; （3） hydraulic excavation of deposits; （4） study of natural erosive processes in permafrost conditions. Three types of open earthen canals are used for irrigation purpose in Yakutia： （1） canals of basin irrigation systems; （2） irrigation canals; （3） canals of drainage system. The aim of researches is a study of interaction processes of earthen irrigation canals with the environment, determination of reasons of their failures and recommendations development concerning the increase of their operation reliability. The khalaany system and khorobut system are used in the design test.