探讨我国与邻国共有药用植物的惠益分享机制

Mechanisms of benefit-sharing of medicinal plants found in China and neighboring countries

多国共有遗传资源的惠益分享是全球多边惠益分享机制谈判中的重要议题。我国邻国众多,掌握我国与邻国共有药用植物的数量和空间分布格局是我国参加全球多边惠益分享机制谈判应当关注的焦点问题。本文对我国与邻国共有药用植物的地理分布格局进行了分析。结果表明,我国药用植物多与东南亚、东北亚及南亚的国家(地区)所共有,其中与越南共有的药用植物数量最多(220种),其次为日本(144种),再次为缅甸(75种),第4为印度(42种),我国与邻国共有药用植物呈现地区集中性。由此得出的结论有:(1)与亚洲国家(地区)探讨建立次区域性质的多边惠益分享机制对于我国具有重要意义和价值;(2)应重视与东南亚、南亚和东北亚等共有药用植物较多国家(地区)的双边合作;(3)由于《名古屋议定书》跨界合作条款短时间内难以发挥作用,目前应支持多边惠益分享机制的讨论,为我国完善国内立法和推动次区域谈判争取时间。

The genetic resources that are commonly shared by many countries are a core issue in the negotiation of the Global Multilateral Benefit-Sharing Mechanism（GMBSM）. Because China is a country that has many neighboring countries, understanding the partitioning and spatial patterns is a key issue in China＇s participation in the GMBSM negotiation. We analyze the geographical distribution of the plants which are shared among China and its neighboring countries and regions. The results indicate that medicinal plants found in China are commonly shared with Southeast Asia, Northeast Asia, and South Asia. Among them, China shares the most medicinal plants（220 species） with Vietnam, followed by Japan（144 species） and Myanmar（75 species）, and lastly India（42 species）. This study shows that：（1） Discussing the establishment of a regional multilateral benefit-sharing mechanism is significant to China;（2） China should pay more attention to bilateral cooperation with neighboring countries and regions found in Southeast Asia, Northeast Asia, and South Asia, as these regions share the most medicinal plants, and（3） Due to the transboundary situation clause in the Protocol is hard to play its role in a short time, additional support is needed in the negotiation of GMBSM in order to allow more time for China＇s domestic legislation and sub-regional negotiation.