蜜蜂授粉对宁夏引黄灌区“富士”苹果坐果率及果实性状的影响

Effect of Bees Pollination on Fruit Setting Rate and Fruit Traits of ‘Fuji' Apple in the Irrigation Area of Ningxia

为探究蜜蜂授粉对宁夏引黄灌区"富士"苹果坐果率和果实性状的影响,于2015—2016年连续2年,在银川市河东生态园艺示范中心,研究了蜜蜂授粉、自然风媒授粉、自然虫媒授粉等不同授粉方式对"富士"苹果坐果率及果实性状的影响。结果表明:在整个生长季内,蜜蜂授粉、自然状态、自然风媒情况下的"富士"苹果生长动态均呈单‘S’型生长曲线。单一蜜蜂授粉的效果是自然风媒的2.39倍,是自然虫媒的1.83倍。蜜蜂授粉能显著提高苹果花序坐果率、花朵坐果率,增加种子数量,可以有效延长果实幼果期10~13d,为果实生长发育前期(细胞分裂期)细胞数量的增加与积累争取了时间;蜜蜂授粉后,明显提高了"富士"苹果幼果的生长量和生长速度。蜜蜂授粉可以显著增粗增长果柄、增加可溶性固形物含量和单果质量,进而提高产量;并能提高苹果果实果形指数,降低果形偏斜率,从而显著改善了苹果果实的外观品质,最终有效提高了苹果果实的商品价值。

To explore the effect of bees pollination on fruit setting rate and fruit traits of‘Fuji＇apple in the irrigation area of Ningxia,for two consecutive years in 2015—2016in Yinchuan Hedong ecological horticulture demonstration center,the effect of bee pollination,nature wind pollination,nature insect pollination on fruit setting rate and fruit shape for ‘Fuji＇apple experiment were carried out.The results showed that,in the whole growing season,under method of bee pollination,the state of nature,natural insect,the ‘Fuji＇apple growth characteristics were in single type ‘S＇the dynamic growth curve.A single bee pollination effection was 2.39 times that of natural wind vector was 1.83 times that of the natural insect-borne.Bees pollinated could significantly improve apple inflorescence fruitsetting rate,flowers fruit setting rate,increase the number of seeds,could effectively extend fruit period 10 days to 13 days,for the fruit growth and development early phase（cell division）buy an increase in the number of cells and the accumulation of time;after bee pollination,could significantly improve the growth speeding and the growth of young fruit.Bee pollination could significantly increase the coarse growth peduncle,increasing the soluble solids content and fruit weight,thus increasing production;and could improve the apple fruit shape index,reduce the slope shape,so as to significantly improve the appearance of apple fruit quality,eventually improve the apple fruit commodity value.