中国5个少数民族7～18岁学生营养不良流行现状

Current situation of malnutrition among five ethnic minorities students aged 7-18 years in China

目的分析中国五大少数民族7~18岁学生营养不良的流行现状,为少数民族学生的营养不良防治工作提供依据。方法选取2014年全国学生体质与健康调研的少数民族中人数大于100万的蒙古族、回族、维吾尔族、壮族和朝鲜族7~18岁学生作为研究对象,利用2014年颁布的国家卫生标准《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查标准》(WS/T 456-2014)进行儿童营养状况评价,分析各民族学生营养不良状况的年龄、性别与城乡差异。结果蒙古族、回族、维吾尔族、壮族和朝鲜族学生营养不良检出率分别为4.5%,11.7%,13.3%,15.6%和6.8%,生长迟缓检出率分别为0.8%,0.2%,5.2%,3.0%和0.8%,中重度消瘦检出率分别为1.0%,4.5%,2.5%,4.9%和2.2%,轻度消瘦检出率分别为2.6%,7.0%,5.7%,7.6%和3.8%。结论 2014年少数民族学生营养不良有较大改善,但壮族学生营养不良检出率依然较高,维吾尔族学生生长迟缓现象严峻。

Objective To analyze the prevalence of malnutrition among five ethnic minorities Chinese students aged 7-18 years, and to provide the evidence for the prevention and control. Methods Students aged 7-18 years from Mongolian, Hui,Uygur, Zhuang and Korean ethnic minorities were included, sampled from the 2014 Chinese National Survey on Students＇ Constitution and Health. Nutritional status was evaluated according to updating national health standard issued in 2014（ WS/T 456-2014）. Age-, sex-and area-specific prevalence of malnutrition was computed and compared among five ethnic minorities. Results The prevalence of malnutrition among Mongolian, Hui, Uygur, Zhuang and Korean students was 4. 5%, 11. 7%, 13. 3%, 15. 6%and 6. 8%, respectively, while the prevalence of stunting was 0. 8%, 0. 2%, 5. 2%, 3. 0% and 0. 8%, respectively. Moderate-tosevere wasting was found in 1. 0%, 4. 5%, 2. 5%, 4. 9% and 2. 2% of students of Mongolian, Hui, Uygur, Zhuang and Korean ethnicity, respectively. The prevalence of mild wasting of Mongolian, Hui, Uygur, Zhuang and Korean students was 2. 6%, 7. 0%,5. 7%, 7. 6% and 3. 8%, respectively. Conclusion Malnutrition has been greatly improved among Chinese students of ethnic minorities in 2014. However, students in Zhuang still have high prevalence of malnutrition, and growth stunting is worth noting among students of Uygur.