海口市小学生口腔健康教育干预效果评价

Effectiveness of oral health education intervention among primary school students in Haikou

目的评价海口市小学生口腔健康教育干预效果,为开展小学生口腔健康教育提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,抽取海口市4所小学二~六年级学生1 300名开展健康教育干预,经过2个月的干预,比较干预前后学生口腔健康知识和行为的调查结果。结果健康教育后,小学生正确的刷牙方法、对牙齿有益健康的食物、刷牙出血是不正常的、牙龈出血的正确做法、定期检查口腔的重要性、牙菌斑是引起牙龈炎和龋齿的主要原因、含氟牙膏可以预防龋齿、窝沟封闭的作用等知识知晓率均有所提高,分别达64.92%,76.12%,82.30%,72.36%,83.48%,57.87%,76.74%,57.40%,与干预前差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。小学生采用竖刷法刷牙、每天刷牙≥2次、每2~3月更换1次牙刷、每次刷牙时间≥3 min、使用含氟牙膏、经常使用牙线、饭后每次漱口、定期检查口腔健康等口腔卫生行为报告率均有了提高,分别达67.89%,76.27%,73.45%,63.51%,47.69%,36.26,68.36,71.73%,与干预前差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。经常吃甜食(17.54%)、经常喝碳酸类饮料(8.85%)、睡前进食(6.42%)等不良饮食习惯与干预前相比均下降(P值均<0.01)。结论健康教育能有效提高小学生的口腔健康知识水平和培养口腔卫生行为,减少小学生的不良饮食习惯。

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of oral health education among primary school students in Haikou,and to provide evidence for developing oral health education. Methods All the 1 300 students of grade 2 to 6 from 4 primary schools in Haikou were chosen by cluster sampling method, a structured questionnaire on oral health knowledge and related behaviors was implemented and compared before and after 2 months＇ health education. Results After oral health education, the awareness of ＂proper way to brush teeth＂（ 64. 92%）, ＂ healthy food for teeth＂（ 76. 12%）, ＂ teeth bleeding is abnormal＂（ 82. 30%）, ＂ bleeding gums treatment at home＂（ 72. 36%）, ＂the importance of oral health examination＂（ 83. 48%）, ＂dental plaque is the main cause of gingivitis and dental caries ＂（ 57. 87%）, ＂ fluoride toothpaste can prevent dental caries ＂（ 76. 74%） and ＂ pit and fissure sealing ＂（ 57. 40%）, as well as the rate of ＂vertical brushing＂（ 67. 89%）, ＂brushing teeth twice a day＂（ 76. 27%）, ＂changing toothbrush every 2-3 months＂（ 73. 45%）, ＂brushing teeth for at least 3 minutes＂（ 63. 51%）, ＂ using fluoride toothpaste＂（ 47. 69%）, ＂ flossing regularly＂（ 36. 26%）, ＂rinsing after meals＂（ 68. 36%）, ＂oral health examination＂（ 71. 73%） increased significantly（ P0. 01）. The rate of unhealthy dietary behavior such as ＂ eating too much sweet foods＂（ 17. 54%）, ＂ frequent carbonated beverages drinking＂（ 8. 85%）, ＂eating before sleep＂（ 6. 42%） decreased significantly（ P〈0.01）. Conclusion The oral health education significantly improves oral knowledge and health behaviors among primary students, as well as prevents unhealthy eating habits.