农村中学生健康促进生活方式与生命质量的性别差异

Research on the gender difference of health promotion life style and life quality of rural middle school students

目的分析农村中学生健康促进生活方式和生命质量影响的性别差异,为制定生命质量健康促进策略提供理论参考。方法采用生命质量量表和健康促进生活方式量表,对分层整群随机抽取的河北省1 145名(男595名,女550名)农村中学生进行调查。结果除社会关系和综合领域维度外,不同性别农村中学生生命质量和健康促进生活方式得分差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);对农村中学生生命质量影响作用较强或较广的健康促进生活方式因素依次是身体运动、压力处理和营养行为(贡献率依次为22.3%,17.1%,16.3%);影响男性中学生生命质量的主要因素有每周3次、每次30 min的运动,执行有计划的运动课程,有足够睡眠等(t值分别为3.259,2.871,2.369,P值均<0.05),女性中学生有每周3次、每次30 min的运动,选择低脂低胆固醇食物,脉搏跳动能达预期目标等(t值分别为3.145,3.029,2.674,P值均<0.01)。结论农村中学的健康教育应针对不同性别学生的差异特点,在充分发挥体育运动独特健康促进作用基础上,强化行为干预,养成健康生活方式,促进生命质量提高。

Objective To explore the gender difference of health promotion life style and the life quality of the rural middle school students, and to provide a scientific basis for the relevant intervention research. Methods The Quality of Life Scale and the Health-promoting Lifestyle Profile were adopted to make a survey among 1 145（ male 595 and female 550） rural middle school students in Hebei Province. Results There were gender differences in health promotion life style and life quality of rural middle school students except social relations and comprehensive field（ P〈0.05）. The factors greatly influencing rural middle school students＇ life quality or health promoting lifestyle were as follows： physical exercise, stress management and nutrition behavior（ contribution rates were 22.3%, 17. 1%, 16. 3%, respectively）; The main factors influencing the quality of life of male students were doing 30-minute-exercises three times a week, doing planned exercises regularly and having enough sleep（ t = 3. 259,2. 871,2. 369,P0. 05）; As for female students, the factors were doing 30-minute-exercises three times a week, choosing low-fat and low cholesterol food and having the pulse within the expected range（ t = 3. 145,3. 029,2. 674,P0. 01）. Conclusion Health education in rural middle schools should pay more attention to gender differences, strengthen the education of behavior habits, establish a scientific and good life style, fully exploit the unique role of sports, promote and improve their quality of life.