曼陀罗绘画疗法对自闭症儿童康复效能评价

Assessment of effects on mandala art therapy for children with autism

目的探讨曼陀罗绘画治疗方法对自闭症儿童的干预效果及其作用机制,为有效改善自闭症儿童心理健康提供参考。方法将52名自闭症儿童随机分为实验组(27名)和对照组(25名),实验组接受持续10个月的曼陀罗绘画治疗,对照组不做任何干预。实验前后运用《孤独症行为检测量表》(Autism Behavior Checklist,ABC),《儿童孤独症评定量表》(Childhood Autism Rating Scale,CARS),《孤独症治疗评估量表》(Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist,ATEC)和《心理教育评估量表(第三版)》(Psycho-educational Profile third edition,PEP-3)进行评分,并通过现场观察的方法对自闭症儿童的问题行为进行量化评分。从临床心理学视角对曼陀罗绘画形式的作用机制进行分析。结果后测中,实验组CARS,ABC量表和ATEC量表总分及各因子分评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-2.832,-3.220,-2.145,-2.417,-2.901,-2.218,-2.079,P值均<0.01);实验组"绘画意愿""仿画""涂色""命题画"4个条目得分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.688,-2.187,-2.251,-2.328,P值均<0.05);实验组出现刻板行为、自伤行为、攻击性和破坏行为、情绪异常的人数均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为4.530,6.363,4.590,7.865,P值均<0.05)。结论曼陀罗绘画疗法对于自闭症儿童心理功能、行为水平的提升具有有效性与合理性。

Objective To study the cure functions of Mandala drawing therapy on autistic children,and to provide basis for the special mechanism of action that Mandala form works with for autistic children. Methods A total of 52 autistic children were divided into experimental group（ 27 children） and control group（ 25 children）. The experimental group accepted 10-month Mandala drawing therapy while no intervention was done to the control group. The ABC（ Autism Behavior Checklist）, CARS（ Childhood Autism Rating Scale）, ATEC（ Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist）, PEP-3（ Psycho-educational Profile third edition） and The Behavior Observation was used for scoring, and the results will be analyzed and compared. Results In posttest,the experimental groups were lower than control group in the total scores and factor scores of CARS,ABC,ATEC, the difference was statistically significant（ t =-2.832,-3.220,-2.145,-2.417,-2.901,-2.218,-2.079,P〈0.01）; The experimental group has got higher scores in ＂Painting will＂ ＂Imitation painting＂ ＂Colour painting＂ and ＂Propositional painting＂ than control group, the difference was statistically significant（ Z =-2.688,-2.187,-2.251,-2.328,P〈0.05）.The experimental group has fewer numbers have ＂Stereotypic behavior＂ ＂Self injurious behavior＂ ＂Destructive behavior＂ ＂Abnormal mood＂ than control group, the difference was statistically significant（ χ~2= 4.530,6.363,4.590,7.865,P〈0.05）. Conclusion The mandala drawing for autistic children have both effective and reasonable promotion of psychological function and behavior level.