广州市小学生呼吸系统疾病生活居住环境影响因素调查

A cross-sectional study on the association between living environment and respiratory diseases in school children

目的研究学龄儿童呼吸系统疾病的生活居住环境相关影响因素,为呼吸系统疾病的预防与控制提供依据。方法于2014—2015年用分层整群随机抽样的方法,选择广州市某小学三~五年级共1 016名小学生进行问卷调查。分析呼吸系统疾病与学龄儿童个体特征、家庭社会经济状况、父母疾病史以及家庭室内外环境等因素的关系。结果多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别(OR=1.52,95%CI=1.18~1.96)、生活居住周围100 m内有臭水沟(OR=1.66,95%CI=1.02~2.71)、生活居住周围100 m内有垃圾站(OR=1.45,95%CI=1.04~2.03)及使用驱蚊剂习惯(OR=1.69,95%CI=1.26~2.26)可增加呼吸系统疾病的发生风险(P值均<0.05)。结论家庭居住环境因素对学龄儿童的呼吸系统健康有一定程度的影响。

Objective To investigate factors in living environment that are associated with respiratory diseases in school children and to provide scientific basis for disease prevention and control strategies. Methods A sum of 1 016 students from the3 rd, 4th and 5th grade of a primary school in Guangzhou were selected using stratified sampling method during the year of 2014-2015. Information regarding individual characteristics, household socioeconomic status, disease history of parents, as well as indoor and outdoor residential environment were collected through questionnaire survey. Results Multiple Logistic regression showed that compared with students without history of respiratory disease, students with respiratory disease were more likely to be boy（ OR =1. 52, 95%CI = 1. 18-1. 96）, having drainage ditch（ OR = 1. 66,95%CI = 1. 02-2. 71）, garbage station（ OR = 1. 45,95%CI = 1. 04-2. 03） within 100 meters from the residence, and frequent usage of mosquito repellents（ OR = 1. 69, 95%CI = 1. 26-2. 26）. Conclusion Residential environments have substantial impacts on respiratory health of school-aged children.